121 research outputs found

    ЀСнология ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Π½Π° югС Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Востока

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    Relevance. The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata, causes severe damage to plants of the Solanaceae family in the south of the Russian Far East. Today the application of chemicals is the main method for protecting crops against the potato ladybird beetle. This leads not only to the eradication of the pest, but also to the pollution of agricultural ecosystems and the emergence of potato ladybird beetle populations that are resistant to pesticides. A study on the seasonal cycles of the development of the potato ladybird beetle may help to devise new methods for controlling this pest.Methods. We conducted laboratory experiments to study the developmental timing ofa potato ladybird beetlepopulation. The number of eggs was counted, and then the eggs were placed in Petri dishes. The number of emerged larvae was recorded on a daily basis. The hatched larvae were transferred to glass containers (hereafter rearing cages) in batches of 10. We recorded the dates of the transition from one immature developmental stage to another notingthe simultaneity of these transitions. At the onset of the pupal stage, the date was recorded and food was withdrawn from the rearing cages. Scientific observations were carried out on the emergence ofyoung beetles. Field research on the phenology of the potato ladybird beetle was conducted at afield site of 40 m2. The timing of the following events was recorded: the emergence of the adult beetles from diapause, the colonization of the potato field, the beginning and the end of oviposition, the emergence of the larvae and the pupae, the flight of the new insect generation.Results and conclusion. Our laboratory experiment on the immature developmental stages of the potato ladybird beetle revealed that the egg stage was 4-5 days in duration, the larval stage was 16-17 days and the pupal stage was 4-5 daysunder optimal conditions. We also observed deviations from the mean values, which could be conditioned by external factors. For instance, the duration of embryonic development depended either on humidity or on the time range of hatching from one egg mass. The observed deviations of the developmental timing of the larvae and the pupae were most probably due to the quantity and quality of the available food, and the presence of secondary metabolites and glycoalkaloids in it. The field research on thephenology of the potato ladybird beetle showed that there was only one generation in 2020, but two generations in 2021. After comparing climatic conditions in 2020 and 2021, we concluded that Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata can produce two generations during dry and hot years.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. На югС Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Востока ΠΎΡ‰ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄ растСниям сСмСйства ΠŸΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… (Solanaceae) наносит ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. Π’ настоящСС врСмя основным срСдством Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ с ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ являСтся химичСская ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° посадок, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ врСдитСля, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊ Π·Π°Π³Ρ€ΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ агроэкосистСм ΠΈ появлСнию устойчивых ΠΊ пСстицидам популяций ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сСзонных Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² развития ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ с Π½Π΅ΠΉ.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° исслСдования. Для изучСния сроков развития популяции ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ проводятся Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ экспСримСнты. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ яйца ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Ρ‡Π°ΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ, Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ фиксировали появлСниС Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ пСрСсаТивали Π² стСклянныС сосуды ΠΏΠΎ 10 особСй. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стадии Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ смСны возраста. Π‘ наступлСниСм Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΠΈΠ· садков убирался ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌ. Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ наблюдСния Π·Π° Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠŸΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½Π° стационарном участкС 40 ΠΊΠ². ΠΌ. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ сроки Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° взрослых особСй ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹, засСлСниС ΠΈΠΌΠΈ посадок картофСля, Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ† ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ яиц, сроки появлСния Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, Π»Ρ‘Ρ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экспСримСнта ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стадий развития ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ стадия яйца длится 4-5 суток, стадия Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ 16-17 суток, ΠΊΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ 4-5 суток. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ выявлСны отклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ срСдних Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ связаны с внСшними Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ срока эмбриогСнСза зависит ΠΎΡ‚ влаТности Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ растянутости сроков отраТдСния ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ яйцСкладки. ΠžΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сроков развития Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, скорСС всСго, связано с количСством ΠΈ качСством ΠΏΠΈΡ‰ΠΈ, содСрТаниСм Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ содСрТаниСм Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ экспСримСнтС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, Π° Π² 2021 – Π΄Π²Π΅. Бравнивая климатичСскиС условия 2020-2021 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ сухиС ΠΈ ΠΆΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄Π²Π° поколСния

    Π—Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ 7 сортов картофСля вирусами Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… условиях ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края Π Π€

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    Scientific relevance. Plant viruses cause a significant economic loss to potato production, especially if plants are infected at early growth stages and infections are mixed. Viral diseases reduce both yield and quality of harvested crops. Detection and identification of plant viruses are key important to prevent their spreading and to achieve potential yield predetermined by characteristics of varieties.Research methods. Seven potato varieties, bred in Russia and overseas, were used in the field experiment: Smak, Avgustin, Yantar, Laperla, Labella, Red Lady, Sante, Belmonda. Viral infection rate was measured by the percent of plants with symptoms to the total number of plants. In addition to infection frequency, a disease rate was described after visual estimation. Total RNA was isolated from the collected leaves according to Bekesiova I. et al. 1999 [13]. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of plant viruses in the samples were conducted by single-step real-time RT-PCR with fluorescent detection with the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio 5 and commercial kits β€œPotato Virus X, Y, M, L, S, A, PSTVd-RT” (Syntol Company) according to the official protocol of the kits.Results. As a result of our research, symptoms of mixed viral infection were described for potato varieties depending on concentrations and proportions of these viruses in a plant. Mixed viral infection in the potato field in Primorsky Krai comprised PVY, PVX, PVA, PVS, PVM, also PLRV and PSTVd.Β ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Ѐитовирусы приводят ΠΊ большим экономичСским потСрям Π² производствС картофСля, особСнно Ссли растСния ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… стадиях ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… инфСкциях. ВирусныС ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ качСство. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ идСнтификация вирусов растСний ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ пСрвостСпСнноС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ для прСдотвращСния ΠΈΡ… распространСния ΠΈ обСспСчСния уроТайности, Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ характСристиками сортов.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° исслСдования. Π’ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ экспСримСнтС, Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ стационарно, использовалось 7 сортов картофСля российской ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сСлСкции: Π‘ΠΌΠ°ΠΊ, Августин, Π―Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΡŒ, Laperla, Labella, Red Lady, Sante, Belmonda. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ фитовирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡŽ растСний с симптомами ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ числа Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ…. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ показатСля частоты зараТСния, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ описывали ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ развития Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ РНК выдСляли ΠΈΠ· Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ… частСй растСний ΠΏΠΎ Bekesiova I. et al. 1999 [Bekesiova, 1999]. ΠšΠ°Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ количСствСнноС ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ фитовирусов Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ одношаговой ОВ-ПЦР с флуорСсцСнтной Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅ QuantStudio 5 (Applied Biosystems) с использованиСм коммСрчСских Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² сСрии Β«Potato Virus X, Y, M, L, S, A, PSTVdRTΒ» (Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ исслСдований Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ описаны симптомы проявлСния ассоциативной вирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° сортах картофСля, Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ этих вирусов Π² растСнии. БмСшанная фитовирусная инфСкция Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π² ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅ состояла ΠΈΠ· PVY, PVX, PVA, PVS, PVM, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ PLRV ΠΈ PSTVd

    SANITARY PROTECTION OF TERRITORIES FROM SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS) IMPORTATION AND DISSEMINATION BY WATER AND AIR TRANSPORT AT FAR EASTERN REGION

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    The existing programs and plans of sanitary protection of territories and municipalities of Russian FederationΒ are directed to prevention of importation and dissemination of quarantine and other known infectious diseases. Modern organizing-methodical papers of Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation include bothΒ nosological and syndromic approaches to resolution of this problem. SARS epidemic situation in the world withΒ an active focus at Asian-Pacific Ocean Region has tested the Russian sanitary protection system at Far EasternΒ Region. Data on organization and realization of the measures at the period of SARS epidemic troubles in theΒ world are analyzed. The experience of State Surveillance Centers at water and air transport in Far Eastern Region in co-operation with all transport process participants to prevent importation and dissemination of earlyΒ unknown especially dangerous infection (SARS) is summarized
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