4,225 research outputs found
The Collaborative Development of New CFD Methods Adapted for Tilt Rotor Aircraft in the HiPerTilt Project
No abstract available
Discrete Lie Advection of Differential Forms
In this paper, we present a numerical technique for performing Lie advection
of arbitrary differential forms. Leveraging advances in high-resolution finite
volume methods for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws, we first discretize the
interior product (also called contraction) through integrals over Eulerian
approximations of extrusions. This, along with Cartan's homotopy formula and a
discrete exterior derivative, can then be used to derive a discrete Lie
derivative. The usefulness of this operator is demonstrated through the
numerical advection of scalar fields and 1-forms on regular grids.Comment: Accepted version; to be published in J. FoC
Geometrical Defects in Josephson Junction Arrays
Dislocations and disclinations in a lattice of Josephson junctions will
affect the dynamics of vortex excitations within the array. These defects
effectively distort the space in which the excitations move and interact. The
interaction energy between such defects and excitations are determined and
vortex trajectories in twisted lattices are calculated. Finally, possible
experiments observing these effects are presented.Comment: 26 pages including 5 figure
Deviations from the local field approximation in negative streamer heads
Negative streamer ionization fronts in nitrogen under normal conditions are
investigated both in a particle model and in a fluid model in local field
approximation. The parameter functions for the fluid model are derived from
swarm experiments in the particle model. The front structure on the inner scale
is investigated in a 1D setting, allowing reasonable run-time and memory
consumption and high numerical accuracy without introducing super-particles. If
the reduced electric field immediately before the front is >= 50kV/(cm bar),
solutions of fluid and particle model agree very well. If the field increases
up to 200kV/(cm bar), the solutions of particle and fluid model deviate, in
particular, the ionization level behind the front becomes up to 60% higher in
the particle model while the velocity is rather insensitive. Particle and fluid
model deviate because electrons with high energies do not yet fully run away
from the front, but are somewhat ahead. This leads to increasing ionization
rates in the particle model at the very tip of the front. The energy overshoot
of electrons in the leading edge of the front actually agrees quantitatively
with the energy overshoot in the leading edge of an electron swarm or avalanche
in the same electric field.Comment: The paper has 17 pages, including 15 figures and 3 table
Large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method
This paper presents the large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity
flow by the spectral element method (SEM) using the dynamic model. Two spectral
filtering techniques suitable for these simulations have been implemented.
Numerical results for Reynolds number are showing very good
agreement with other experimental and DNS results found in the literature
Alveolar macrophage chromatin is modified to orchestrate host response to Mycobacterium bovis infection
Identification of O-acetyl-5-methoxytryptophenol in the pineal gland by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Characterisation and properties of a small cell lung cancer cell line and xenograft WX322 with marked sensitivity to alpha-interferon.
Controversy exists as to whether interferons usefully influence the growth of epithelial carcinomas. A small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell line, WX322, has been derived which is greater than 1000-fold more sensitive to alpha-interferon (IFN) when grown in agar than other reported SCLC cell lines. The WX322 line has been characterised to prove its epithelial origin and its chemosensitivity compared with that of the NCI-H69 small cell line. The WX322 cell line expresses neuroendocrine and epithelial markers and possesses a morphology consistent with SCLC origin. A concentration of 5 IU ml-1 of IFN produced 50% inhibition of colony formation in agar in the WX322 line, whereas a concentration of greater than 10(5) IU ml-1 was required to produce a comparable effect with the NCI-H69 cell line. In contrast, WX322, possessed similar sensitivity to NCI-H69 cells when exposed to a range of cytotoxic agents. Analysis of the cell cycle indicated that IFN increased the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase for the WX322 cell line but increased the percentage in S phase for the NCI-H69 line. Growth of the xenograft, from which the cell line was derived, was also inhibited by IFN at doses greater than 10(5) IU/mouse/day. The WX322 cell line whether grown in agar or as a xenograft shows an unusually high sensitivity to IFN and provides an interesting model for studying mechanisms of IFN cytotoxicity to epithelial cells
Risk Factors for Severe Violence in Intimate Partner Stalking Situations: An Analysis of Police Records
Stalkers can be violent, and empirical studies have sought to identify factors associated with violence perpetrated by the stalker. Most of these works view physical violence as a homogeneous construct and do not differentiate between moderate and severe violence. The present study aims to identify correlates of nonviolent, moderate, and severe physical violence within an archival sample of 369 domestically violent police incident reports, where stalking behavior was indicated. The incident reports utilized in this study occurred between 2013 and 2017, among intimate or ex-intimate partners. The present study explored 12 independent variables that have yielded mixed findings in previous stalking violence literature, as well as two previously untested factors of nonfatal strangulation and child contact. The police records were coded for severity of physical violence using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and analyzed using a logistic regression. The regression analysis revealed significant independent associations between the outcome variable of severe physical violence and child contact, history of domestic violence, separation, nonfatal strangulation, jealousy, previous injury, and victim belief of potential harm. These results may help produce pragmatic recommendations for law enforcement agencies and other relevant bodies who seek to identify victims at risk of severe violence, increasing the potential for early intervention and prevention of physical harm. The awareness of factors that are shown to be related to serious physical violence may assist first responders in recognizing which victims may be at risk of serious harm, as well as effectively allocating any appropriate resources to reduce and prevent harm
DNA sequence polymorphisms in a panel of eight candidate bovine imprinted genes and their association with performance traits in Irish Holstein-Friesian cattle
peer-reviewedBackground: Studies in mice and humans have shown that imprinted genes, whereby expression from one of the two parentally inherited alleles is attenuated or completely silenced, have a major effect on mammalian growth, metabolism and physiology. More recently, investigations in livestock species indicate that genes subject to this type of epigenetic regulation contribute to, or are associated with, several performance traits, most notably muscle mass and fat deposition. In the present study, a candidate gene approach was adopted to assess 17 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their association with a range of performance traits in 848 progeny-tested Irish Holstein-Friesian artificial insemination sires. These SNPs are located proximal to, or within, the bovine orthologs of eight genes (CALCR, GRB10, PEG3, PHLDA2, RASGRF1, TSPAN32, ZIM2 and ZNF215) that have been shown to be imprinted in cattle or in at least one other mammalian species (i.e. human/mouse/pig/sheep). Results: Heterozygosities for all SNPs analysed ranged from 0.09 to 0.46 and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions (P ≤ 0.01) were observed at four loci. Phenotypic associations (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between nine SNPs proximal to, or within, six of the eight analysed genes and a number of performance traits evaluated, including milk protein percentage, somatic cell count, culled cow and progeny carcass weight, angularity, body conditioning score, progeny carcass conformation, body depth, rump angle, rump width, animal stature, calving difficulty, gestation length and calf perinatal mortality. Notably, SNPs within the imprinted paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) gene cluster were associated (P ≤ 0.05) with calving, calf performance and fertility traits, while a single SNP in the zinc finger protein 215 gene (ZNF215) was associated with milk protein percentage (P ≤ 0.05), progeny carcass weight (P ≤ 0.05), culled cow carcass weight (P ≤ 0.01), angularity (P ≤ 0.01), body depth (P ≤ 0.01), rump width (P ≤ 0.01) and animal stature (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Of the eight candidate bovine imprinted genes assessed, DNA sequence polymorphisms in six of these genes (CALCR, GRB10, PEG3, RASGRF1, ZIM2 and ZNF215) displayed associations with several of the phenotypes included for analyses. The genotype-phenotype associations detected here are further supported by the biological function of these six genes, each of which plays important roles in mammalian growth, development and physiology. The associations between SNPs within the imprinted PEG3 gene cluster and traits related to calving, calf performance and gestation length suggest that this domain on chromosome 18 may play a role regulating pre-natal growth and development and fertility. SNPs within the bovine ZNF215 gene were associated with bovine growth and body conformation traits and studies in humans have revealed that the human ZNF215 ortholog belongs to the imprinted gene cluster associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome--a genetic disorder characterised by growth abnormalities. Similarly, the data presented here suggest that the ZNF215 gene may have an important role in regulating bovine growth. Collectively, our results support previous work showing that (candidate) imprinted genes/loci contribute to heritable variation in bovine performance traits and suggest that DNA sequence polymorphisms within these genes/loci represents an important reservoir of genomic markers for future genetic improvement of dairy and beef cattle populations.Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Ireland - Research Stimulus Fund (project numbers: RSF-06-406, RSF-06-0353 and RSF-06-0409); Science Foundation Ireland - Investigator Programme Grants(SFI/01/F.1/B028; SFI/08/IN.1/B1931, 07/SRC/B1156 (MPM)
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