Oncological and functional outcomes following open radical prostatectomy: how patients may achieve the "trifecta"?

PURPOSE: The desirable outcomes after open radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (PC) are to: a) achieve disease recurrence free, b) urinary continence (UC), and c) maintain sexual potency (SP). These 3 combined desirable outcomes we called it the "Trifecta". Our aim is to assess the likelihood of achieving the Trifecta, and to analyze the influencing the Trifecta . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1738 men with localized PC underwent RP from 1992-2007 by a single surgeon. The exclusion criteria for this analysis were: preoperative hormonal or radiation therapy, preoperative urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction, follow-up less than 24 months or insufficient data. Post-operative Trifecta factors were analyzed, including biochemical recurrence (BR).. We defined: BR as PSA > 0.2 ng/mL, urinary continence as wearing no pads, and sexual potency as having erections sufficient for intercourse with or without a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. RESULTS: A total of 831 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the entire cohort was 59 years old. The median follow-up was 52 months (mean 60, range 24-202). The BR, UC and SP rates were 18.7%, 94.5%, and 71% respectively. Trifecta was achieved in 64% at 2 year follow-up, and 61% at 5 year follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed age at time of surgery, pathologic Gleason score (PGS), pathologic stage, specimen weight, and nerve sparing (NS) were independent factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age at time of surgery, pathologic GS, pathologic stage, specimen weight and NS were independent predictors to achieve the Trifecta following radical prostatectomy. This information may help patients counseling undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer

A unified strategy for the syntheses of angucyclinone antibiotics: total syntheses of tetrangulol, kanglemycin M, X-14881-E, and anhydrolandomycinone

A unified strategy for the syntheses of angucyclinone antibiotics was developed utilizing sequential intramolecular enyne metathesis, Diels–Alder/aromatization, photooxygenation, and one-pot elimination/aromatization reactions. The diversity in this sequence was introduced in the Diels–Alder reaction where a common diene was treated with various appropriately functionalized quinones as the dienophiles to accomplish the total syntheses of tetrangulol, kanglemycin M, X-14881-E, and anhydrolandomycinone in moderate to good overall yields. The requisite diene was synthesized in excellent yield from a known enyne through an intramolecular enyne metathesis. The scope of this flexible and divergent strategy can be extended to the syntheses of similar scaffolds and unnatural aromatic angucyclinones

Total syntheses of rubiginone A₂, C₂, and fujianmycin A

The total syntheses of rubiginone A₂, C₂ and fujianmycin A are described. The synthesis involves Diels–Alder/aromatization and photo chemical reactions as key steps to construct the tetracyclic frame of benz[a]anthraquinone skeleton. Sharpless epoxidation, a copper-catalyzed regioselective epoxide opening, and enyne metathesis reactions are utilized as the key steps for the synthesis of chiral vinylcyclohexene