Non-perturbative Renormalisation of Domain Wall Fermions: Quark Bilinears

We find the renormalisation coefficients of the quark field and the flavour non-singlet fermion bilinear operators for the domain wall fermion action, in the regularisation independent (RI) renormalisation scheme. Our results are from a quenched simulation, on a 16^3x32 lattice, with beta=6.0 and an extent in the fifth dimension of 16. We also discuss the expected effects of the residual chiral symmetry breaking inherent in a domain wall fermion simulation with a finite fifth dimension, and study the evidence for both explicit and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking effects in our numerical results. We find that the relations between different renormalisation factors predicted by chiral symmetry are, to a good approximation, satisfied by our results and that systematic effects due to the (low energy) spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and zero-modes can be controlled. Our results are compared against the perturbative predictions for both their absolute value and renormalisation scale dependence.Comment: 53 pages, 21 figures, revte

Genetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of neuraminidase gene of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N8 virus isolates recovered in the Russian Federation in 2020

Avian influenza is a highly dangerous viral disease that causes huge economic damage to poultry farming. Currently, highly virulent influenza virus with N8 neur- aminidase subtype is quite often detected in populations of domestic and wild birds in various countries of the world. The article provides data on complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase gene of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates recovered in the second half of 2020 from pathological material received from four regions of the Russian Federation. The conducted research showed that the subtype of the isolated virus was N8. According to the phylogenetic analysis, isolates of N8 virus belong to group 8C.4. During the phylogenetic analysis of the neuraminidase, we also took into account data on hemagglutinin classification, according to which H5N8 virus isolates belong to a widespread clade 2.3.4.4. Viruses of the clade were first registered in 2010 in China and they have been circulating up to now. The paper also provides data of a comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of the studied isolates and the isolates from the international GenBank and GISAID databases, recovered in other countries from 2007 to 2020. During the analysis of the amino acid sequence of the studied isolates, no substitutions were found in the positions that affect resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. The complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase gene of the avian influenza virus subtype N8 (isolates A/domestic goose/OMSK/1521-1/2020, A/duck/Chelyabinsk/1207-1/2020, A/duck/Saratov/1578-2/2020, A/goose/Tatarstan/1730-2/2020) are published in the international GenBank and GISAID databases. Based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the studied isolates, the article shows gradual evolution of the N8 subtype virus

The finite temperature QCD phase transition with domain wall fermions

The domain wall formulation of lattice fermions is expected to support accurate chiral symmetry, even at finite lattice spacing. Here we attempt to use this new fermion formulation to simulate two-flavor, finite temperature QCD near the chiral phase transition. In this initial study, a variety of quark masses, domain wall heights and domain wall separations are explored using an 8^3 x 4 lattice. Both the expectation value of the Wilson line and the chiral condensate show the temperature dependence expected for the QCD phase transition. Further, the desired chiral properties are seen for the chiral condensate, suggesting that the domain wall fermion formulation may be an effective approach for the numerical study of QCD at finite temperature.Comment: 44 pages, 15 figure

Domain wall fermion zero modes on classical topological backgrounds

The domain wall approach to lattice fermions employs an additional dimension, in which gauge fields are merely replicated, to separate the chiral components of a Dirac fermion. It is known that in the limit of infinite separation in this new dimension, domain wall fermions have exact zero modes, even for gauge fields which are not smooth. We explore the effects of finite extent in the fifth dimension on the zero modes for both smooth and non-smooth topological configurations and find that a fifth dimension of around ten sites is sufficient to clearly show zero mode effects. This small value for the extent of the fifth dimension indicates the practical utility of this technique for numerical simulations of QCD.Comment: Updated fig. 3-7, small changes in sect. 3, added fig. 8, added more reference

Перспективные данные применения пневмококковой 13-валентной конъюгированной вакцины у взрослых пациентов с хронической бронхолегочной патологией

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate safety and clinical efficacy of 13valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) and 23valent poly saccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma and to assess impact of vaccination on quality on life. Methods. This was a prospective comparative study. Clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated using data on systemic and local adverse reactions during a month after vaccination, changes in lung function and quality of life (QoL in 6 months after vaccination. Lung function was assessed before and 1 and 6 months after vaccination. QoL was measured before and 6 months after vaccination using CAT test in COPD patients and ACQ ques tionnaire in asthma patients. Results. The study involved 58 patients with COPD and 59 patients with asthma. Of them, 33 and 34 patients, respectively, were vaccinated with PCV13 and 25 patients of each group were vaccinated with PPV23. A rate of systemic and local adverse reactions did not differ significantly between patients vaccinated with PCV13 or PPV23. Patients with both COPD and asthma vaccinated with PCV13 demonstrated more significant increase in FEV1. QoL improved in all vaccinated patients. Worsening of the disease was not noted in any patient.Conclusion. In patients with COPD and asthma, lung function tended to improvement and QoL significantly improved in 6 months after vaccina tion with PCV13 or PPV23. Both vaccines were well tolerated.Проблема вакцинации против пневмококковой инфекции пациентов с бронхолегочной патологией является актуальной, т. к. при данной инфекции обостряется течение основного заболевания, прогрессирует хронический процесс, ухудшается качество жизни (КЖ) больных. Проведено сравнительное исследование по оценке безопасности, клинического эффекта, влияния на показатели КЖ 13валентной конъюгированной (ПКВ-13) и 23валентной полисахаридной пневмококковых вакцин (ППВ-23) у пациентов с хронической бронхоле гочной патологией. Обследованы пациенты с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) (n = 58) и бронхиальной астмой (БА) (n = 59). ПКВ-13 были вакцинированы пациенты с ХОБЛ (n = 33) и БА (n = 34), а ППВ-23 – по 25 больных ХОБЛ и БА. В проведенном исследовании не выявлено различий в частоте возникновения системных и местных реакций при введении конъюгированной и полисахаридной пневмококковых вакцин. У больных как ХОБЛ, так и БА была выявлена более выраженная тенденция к увеличению показателя объема форсированного выдоха за 1ю секунду в группах, вакцинированных ПКВ-13. После проведенной вакцинации было отмечено улучшение показателей КЖ пациентов во всех группах. Случаев ухудшения течения основного заболевания не зарегистрировано

Изменения микробного пейзажа мокроты у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких на фоне вакцинации против пневмококка, гемофильной инфекции типа b и гриппа

Summary. The influence of combined vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and influenza on sputum bacterial land scape in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been analyzed in this article. The 1st group of 31 COPD patients (mean age, 59.25 ± 1.12 years) were vaccinated simultaneously with "Pneumo23", "Hiberix", "Grippol plus". The 2nd group consisted of 49 unvaccinated COPD patients (mean age, 57.16 ± 0.98 years). We used a classical microbiological method. Three months after the complete vaccination, there was a significant decrease in number of patients with S. pneumoniae yielded in sputum in comparison with unvaccinated COPD patients.Резюме. Целью работы было изучение влияния комплексной вакцинации против пневмококка, гемофильной инфекции типа b и гриппа на микробный пейзаж мокроты через 3 мес. после вакцинации у больных с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) по сравнению с невакцинированными пациентами. Первую группу составили пациенты с ХОБЛ (n = 31), одномоментно вакцинированные "Пневмо23", "Хиберикс", "Гриппол плюс" (средний возраст – 59,25 ± 1,12 года), вторую группу – невакцинированные пациенты с ХОБЛ (n = 49) (средний возраст – 57,16 ± 0,98 года). Использовался классический микробиологический метод. Через 3 мес. После комплексной вакцинации отмечено достоверное снижение числа пациентов, выделяющих с мокротой Streptococcus pneumoniae, по сравнению с невакцинированными больными ХОБЛ

Quenched Lattice QCD with Domain Wall Fermions and the Chiral Limit

Quenched QCD simulations on three volumes, $8^3 \times$, $12^3 \times$ and $16^3 \times 32$ and three couplings, $\beta=5.7$, 5.85 and 6.0 using domain wall fermions provide a consistent picture of quenched QCD. We demonstrate that the small induced effects of chiral symmetry breaking inherent in this formulation can be described by a residual mass (\mres) whose size decreases as the separation between the domain walls ($L_s$) is increased. However, at stronger couplings much larger values of $L_s$ are required to achieve a given physical value of \mres. For $\beta=6.0$ and $L_s=16$, we find \mres/m_s=0.033(3), while for $\beta=5.7$, and $L_s=48$, \mres/m_s=0.074(5), where $m_s$ is the strange quark mass. These values are significantly smaller than those obtained from a more naive determination in our earlier studies. Important effects of topological near zero modes which should afflict an accurate quenched calculation are easily visible in both the chiral condensate and the pion propagator. These effects can be controlled by working at an appropriately large volume. A non-linear behavior of $m_\pi^2$ in the limit of small quark mass suggests the presence of additional infrared subtlety in the quenched approximation. Good scaling is seen both in masses and in $f_\pi$ over our entire range, with inverse lattice spacing varying between 1 and 2 GeV.Comment: 91 pages, 34 figure