Interpretation of High Energy String Scattering in terms of String Configurations

High energy string scattering at fixed momentum transfer, known to be dominated by Regge trajectory exchange, is interpreted by identifying families of string states which induce each type of trajectory exchange. These include the usual leading trajectory $\alpha(t)=\alpha^\prime t+1$ and its daughters as well as the ``sister'' trajectories $\alpha_m(t)=\alpha(t)/m-(m-1)/2$ and their daughters. The contribution of the sister $\alpha_m$ to high energy scattering is dominated by string excitations in the $m^{th}$ mode. Thus, at large $-t$, string scattering is dominated by wee partons, consistently with a picture of string as an infinitely composite system of ``constituents'' which carry zero energy and momentum.Comment: 14 pages, phyzzx, psfig required, Florida Preprint UFIFT-94-

Particle Number Fluctuations in Statistical Model with Exact Charge Conservation Laws

Even though the first momenta i.e. the ensemble average quantities in canonical ensemble (CE) give the grand canonical (GC) results in large multiplicity limit, the fluctuations involving second moments do not respect this asymptotic behaviour. Instead, the asymptotics are strikingly different, giving a new handle in study of statistical particle number fluctuations in relativistic nuclear reactions. Here we study the analytical large volume asymptotics to general case of multispecies hadron gas carrying fixed baryon number, strangeness and electric charge. By means of Monte Carlo simulations we have also studied the general multiplicity probability distributions taking into account the decay chains of resonance states.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. The report of the talk given in Strangeness in Quark Matter 2004, Cape Town. Submitted to J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phy

Microcanonical Treatment of Hadronizing the Quark-Gluon Plasma

We recently introduced a completely new way to study ultrarelativistic nuclear scattering by providing a link between the string model approach and a statistical description. A key issue is the microcanonical treatment of hadronizing individual quark matter droplets. In this paper we describe in detail the hadronization of these droplets according to n-body phase space, by using methods of statistical physics, i.e. constructing Markov chains of hadron configurations.Comment: Complete paper enclosed as postscript file (uuencoded

Flat-space scattering and bulk locality in the AdS/CFT correspondence

The large radius limit in the AdS/CFT correspondence is expected to provide a holographic derivation of flat-space scattering amplitudes. This suggests that questions of locality in the bulk should be addressed in terms of properties of the S-matrix and their translation into the conformal field theory. There are, however, subtleties in this translation related to generic growth of amplitudes near the boundary of anti de-Sitter space. Flat space amplitudes are recovered after a delicate projection of CFT correlators onto normal-mode frequencies of AdS. Once such amplitudes are obtained from the CFT, possible criteria for approximate bulk locality include bounds on growth of amplitudes at high energies and reproduction of semiclassical gravitational scattering at long distances.Comment: 25 pages, harvmac. v2: Very minor corrections to eqs. v3: Minor improvements of discussion of locality bounds and string scattering v4. Typos fixe

Pion Multiplicity Distribution in Proton-Antiproton Annihilation at Rest

The pion multiplicity distribution is widely believed to reflect the statistical aspects of $\bar{p}p$ annihilation at rest. We try to reproduce it in a grand canonical picture with explicit conservation of electric charge, isospin, total angular momentum, and the parity quantum numbers $P$, $C$, and $G$ via the projection operator formalism. Bose statistics is found to be non-negligible, particularly in fixing the interaction volume. The calculated pion multiplicity distribution for $\left\langle n_{\pi} \right\rangle = 5$ turns out to depend strongly on the conservation of the angular momentum and connected quantum numbers, as well as on the spin state occupation in S-wave annihilation. However, the empirical Gaussian pion multiplicity distribution cannot be reproduced. This calls in question either the statistical ansatz or the rather old data themselves.Comment: 13pages, TPR-94-3

Statistical hadronization with exclusive channels in e+e- annihilation

We perform a systematic analysis of exclusive hadronic channels in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 2.1 and 2.6 GeV within the statistical hadronization model. Because of the low multiplicities involved, calculations have been carried out in the full microcanonical ensemble, including conservation of energy-momentum, angular momentum, parity, isospin, and all relevant charges. We show that the data is in an overall good agreement with the model for an energy density of about 0.5 GeV/fm^3 and an extra strangeness suppression parameter gamma_S ~ 0.7, essentially the same values found with fits to inclusive multiplicities at higher energy.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure

The ecosystem services valuation tool and its future developments

Although methodologies for classification, quantification, and valuation of ecosystem services are improving drastically, applications of the ecosystem services concept in day-to-day decision-making processes remain limited, especially at the planning level. Nevertheless, spatial planning decisions would benefit from systematic considerations of their effects on ecosystem services. Assessing the impacts of policy on a wide range of ecosystem services contributes to more cost-effective policy implementation, establishing win-win situations across different environmental domains. The "nature value explorer" (. natuurwaardeverkenner in Dutch) is a web application developed to explore the quantity and value of ecosystem services in Flanders, Belgium, as part of environmental impact assessments. The tool estimates the impact of land-use and land-cover change on regulating and cultural ecosystem services. The web application is successful in drawing the interest of policy makers and is used in several cases to support decisions in infrastructural projects as well as nature restoration projects