Modeling Frictional Characteristics of Water Flowing Through Microchannel

The present study aims at modeling the real random rough surface of a microchannel with structured rough channel of known geometric parameters. The surface of the microchannel is created by sinusoidal function using MATLAB code and 2D simulation of the model is carried out with commercial software ANSYS Fluent. The height of the channel is varied from 100 to 250 µm and length of the channel is 12.5 mm. The range of Reynolds number selected for analysis is 100 to 500 with water as the fluid medium. The roughness height is selected within the range of actual manufacturing roughness level of microchannels. The results show that channel geometry has significant influence on flow characteristics. A new non-dimensional roughness parameter β, is proposed to represent the dependence of friction factor on geometric parameters in the laminar region. A correlation for flow friction is developed as a function of roughness parameter and Reynolds number

Heavy metal contamination in water sources of Thaliparamba municipality, Kerala, India

The present study is an attempt to assess the heavy metal contamination in the water sources of Thaliparamaba Municipality, Kannur district, Kerala. The concentration of heavy metals, namely As, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Hg, and Pb in water samples was measured using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The physicochemical parameters, namely pH, electrical conductivity, and salinity of the water samples were also measured. The results indicate that the concentration of most of the heavy metals in water samples collected from the study area is much higher than the permissible limits. The anthropogenic activities may influence the enhanced level of heavy metal concentration in the study area. The results of these systematic investigations are presented and discussed in detail in the manuscript

Clinical Study on Dosha-Based Combinations in Essential Hypertension

Hypertension (HT) is one of the most vital modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Data from HT trials indicate that most subjects need combination therapy to achieve sufficient BP control and in only 50% of trials, this goal was achieved. Addressing the contributory factors is the need of the hour rather than controlling blood pressure (BP) level only. Here the Ayurvedic drugs are having a definite scope in the management. HT may be considered as tridoshaja vyadhi with Vatha dominance with affection of the rasa and raktha dhatus. Ayurgenomics is having a crucial role in explaining how drugs can be used more effectively by targeting them on individuals of particular Prakriti.. The unique method of administering the drug based on the prakriti and dosha in any clinical condition so as to enhance the effect is termed personalized medicine and based on the judgment that the doshahara drugs when added to vyadhihara drug enhances its efficacy potential. Sarpagandha was added with brihat panchamoola, trina panchamoola and triphala in Vatha, Pitta and Kapha groups respectively. Methodology: In the multicentric study, 50 subjects each of Vatha, Pitta and Kapha prakrithi, satisfying the diagnostic criteria were administered with the drug, 6 gm twice daily after food, as per the dosha status for 45 days with BP assessments on 0th day, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day. Repeated Measures ANOVA was done for analysis. Result: The mean score reduced throughout the assessments and was significant at 0.01% level indicating the influence on prakriti in the outcome