(Re)Counting the poor in Peru: a multidimensional approach

After an impressive 12 point reduction in Peruvian monetary poverty, questions have been raised about the extent in which these figures mask deprivation in several other aspects critical for human development. We propose using the Alkire-Foster multidimensional headcount to address this issue, and devise a simple comparison framework to measure the tension between the incidence of monetary poverty and the overall level of deprivation based on the multidimensional measure. We select six dimensions and their respective indicators for the Peruvian case, and apply this framework using data for 2004 and 2008. Results indicate that we now face a larger risk of classifying as non-poor individuals who still endure significant deprivation if we rely on the conventional monetary dimension. In addition, inter and intraregional comparisons show that deprivations endured by the multidimensional poor are similar across regions and concentrated on the health and dwelling conditions dimensions, in particular, on the lack of adequate water and sanitation services. This last result reveals an opportunity to focalize public investment efforts.Multidimensional poverty; monetary poverty; Peru.

Low Temperature Investigations on Epitaxial Silicon Using the Micro-Hall Device

This report is concerned with the feasibility of using the micro-Hall device, introduced by Colclaser and Southward, as a tool for determining important electrical characteristics of epitaxial silicon at low temperatures. The theory of carrier concentration and mobility as a function of temperature in the low temperature range is presented. A contact diffusion mask is introduced which eliminates the formation of an unwanted junction at the substrate contacts and aids in the formation of ohmic contacts. The refrigerator (cryo-tip) used to obtain low temperatures and a special designed specimen holder which connects to the cryo-tip are described

d=3 random field behavior near percolation

The highly diluted antiferromagnet Mn(0.35)Zn(0.65)F2 has been investigated by neutron scattering for H>0. A low-temperature (T<11K), low-field (H<1T) pseudophase transition boundary separates a partially antiferromagnetically ordered phase from the paramagnetic one. For 1<H<7T at low temperatures, a region of antiferromagnetic order is field induced but is not enclosed within a transition boundary.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Robust Ferroelectric State in Multiferroic Mn1−x_{1-x}Znx_xWO4_4

We report the remarkably robust ferroelectric state in the multiferroic compound Mn$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$WO$_4$. The substitution of the magnetic Mn$^{2+}$ with nonmagnetic Zn$^{2+}$ reduces the magnetic exchange and provides control of the various magnetic and multiferroic states of MnWO$_4$. Only 5 % of Zn substitution results in a complete suppression of the frustrated collinear (paraelectric) low temperature phase. The helical magnetic and ferroelectric phase develops as the ground state. The multiferroic state is stable up to a high level of substitution of more than 50 %. The magnetic, thermodynamic, and dielectric properties as well as the ferroelectric polarization of single crystals of Mn$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$WO$_4$ are studied for different substitutions up to x=0.5. The magnetic phases have been identified in single crystal neutron scattering experiments. The ferroelectric polarization scales with the neutron intensity of the incommensurate peak of the helical phase.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure