Les enzymes antioxydantes circulantes comme marqueurs d'effet chez les mineurs de charbon

L'inhalation chronique de poussières de charbon entraîne une migration des cellules inflammatoires dans l'espace alvéolaire. La phagocytose des particules inhalées est suivie par une activation des macrophages et des neutrophiles, appelée " explosion oxydante ". Les cellules inflammatoires libèrent alors des protéases, des médiateurs de l'inflammation et des Espèces Activées de l'Oxygène (EAO). Les EAO sont des molécules dérivées de l'oxygène, ayant une durée de vie courte mais une extrême réactivité. Elles s'attaquent aux membranes des cellules, aux protéines, à l'ADN et sont impliquées dans le développement de nombreuses pathologies telles que la cataracte et le cancer

Facteurs influençant l'apparition précoce d'une pneumoconiose chez le mineur de charbon

National audienceL'incidence de la pneumonoconiose a diminue continuellement parmi les mineurs des houilleres pendant les 30 dernieres annees. Actuellement la plupart des cas sont diagnostiques chez les retraites en moyenne vers l'age de 56 ans. Dans ce contexte l'apparition precoce d'une pneumoconiose est un important probleme de sante au travail

Simulation of Channel Segregation During Directional Solidification of In—75 wt pct Ga. Qualitative Comparison with In Situ Observations

International audienceFreckles are common defects in industrial casting. They result from thermosolutal convection due to buoyancy forces generated from density variations in the liquid. The present paper proposes a numerical analysis for the formation of channel segregation using the three-dimensional (3D) cellular automaton (CA)—finite element (FE) model. The model integrates kinetics laws for the nucleation and growth of a microstructure with the solution of the conservation equations for the casting, while introducing an intermediate modeling scale for a direct representation of the envelope of the dendritic grains. Directional solidification of a cuboid cell is studied. Its geometry, the alloy chosen as well as the process parameters are inspired from experimental observations recently reported in the literature. Snapshots of the convective pattern, the solute distribution, and the morphology of the growth front are qualitatively compared. Similitudes are found when considering the coupled 3D CAFE simulations. Limitations of the model to reach direct simulation of the experiments are discussed

Epidemiology of pneumoconiosis in coalminers of Nord-Pas-de-Calais in France

This is a longitudinal study of 3 167 active or retired pneumoconiotic coalminers from Nord - Pas de Calais collieries (HBNPC) recognised through medico-legal decision over three defined periods: 1942-61, 1952-81 and 1982-87

Magnetic effects on microstructure and solute plume dynamics of directionally solidifying Ga-In alloy

The effects of applying a 0.2-T transverse magnetic field on a solidifying Ga-25 wt%In alloy have been investigated through a joint experimental and numerical study. The magnetic field introduced significant changes to both the microstructure and the dynamics of escaping high-concentration Ga plumes. Plume migration across the interface was quantified and correlated to simulations to demonstrate that thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamics (TEMHD) is the underlying mechanism. TEMHD introduced macrosegregation within the dendritic structure, leading to the formation of a stable “chimney” channel by increasing the solutal buoyancy in the flow direction. The resulting pressure difference across the solidification front introduced a secondary hydrodynamic phenomenon that subsequently caused solute plume migration

Nat Genet

The function of the majority of genes in the mouse and human genomes remains unknown. The mouse embryonic stem cell knockout resource provides a basis for the characterization of relationships between genes and phenotypes. The EUMODIC consortium developed and validated robust methodologies for the broad-based phenotyping of knockouts through a pipeline comprising 20 disease-oriented platforms. We developed new statistical methods for pipeline design and data analysis aimed at detecting reproducible phenotypes with high power. We acquired phenotype data from 449 mutant alleles, representing 320 unique genes, of which half had no previous functional annotation. We captured data from over 27,000 mice, finding that 83% of the mutant lines are phenodeviant, with 65% demonstrating pleiotropy. Surprisingly, we found significant differences in phenotype annotation according to zygosity. New phenotypes were uncovered for many genes with previously unknown function, providing a powerful basis for hypothesis generation and further investigation in diverse systems.Comment in : Genetic differential calculus. [Nat Genet. 2015] Comment in : Scaling up phenotyping studies. [Nat Biotechnol. 2015