The development and exploratory analysis of the Osteopaths’ Therapeutic Approaches Questionnaire (Osteo-TAQ)

Background: Clinical practice encompasses the complex interaction of different skills, knowledge and values in the context of a therapeutic relationship. Research has demonstrated a positive association between well-developed therapeutic relationships, patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes in musculoskeletal conditions. There has been little research into osteopaths’ decision making regarding choice of therapeutic approaches. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a new questionnaire to assess differences in osteopaths' therapeutic approaches, and to subsequently investigate the internal consistency of the factors identifying different underlying practice concepts and the validity and generalisability of a qualitative grounded theory on osteopaths’ therapeutic approaches and clinical decision-making. Method: A 30-Item Osteopaths’ Therapeutic Approaches Questionnaire (Osteo-TAQ) was developed using modified verbatim phrases from a published qualitative grounded theory. UK osteopaths were invited to complete the Osteo-TAQ questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis, using both the principal axis factoring method and principal components method, was performed on the responses. Results: 132 responses were received. Osteo-TAQ displayed acceptable level of modelling adequacy (χ2(435) = 1466.1, p < 0.001; KMO = 0.754) and internal consistency (α = 0.778). Exploratory analysis identified eight factors with eigenvalues >1, accounting for 63.5 of the variance. Conclusion: The Osteo-TAQ identified factors that are congruent with a qualitative grounded theory on osteopaths’ therapeutic approaches. The Osteo-TAQ appeared to have good construct validity with four robust components identified and easily characterised. Further testing for construct validity should be carried out amongst a larger population of osteopaths and outside the UK to test and develop the questionnaire further. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

Resilience and its association with depression, emotional and behavioural problems, and mental health service utilisation among refugee adolescents living in South Australia

Extent: 9p.Background. Despite the frequency of traumatic or stressful events experienced by refugee children and adolescents prior to migration and following resettlement, the majority do not experience mental health problems emphasising the critical nature of resilience. While a host of factors deemed to be protective of mental health in young refugees have been identified, there has been little research exploring the role of resilience as a distinct psychological construct. This study aimed to explore the nature of psychological resilience in refugee adolescents and the relationship between resilience and depression, other emotional and behavioural problems, and mental health service uptake. Method. One hundred and seventy multiethnic refugee adolescents aged 13–17 from South Australia were administered a survey comprising the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results. Females tended to have higher resilience, as did those adolescents who had been living in Australia longer. Adolescents suffering from depressive symptoms or other emotional or behavioural problems had lower resilience. There was little evidence of an association between resilience scores and exposure to trauma or service utilisation. Discussion. Fostering resilience may be critical to efforts to prevent or reduce mental health problems in refugee adolescents.Tahereh Ziaian, Helena de Anstiss, Georgia Antoniou, Peter Baghurst, and Michael Sawye

Perfectionism and Training Distress in Junior Athletes: The Mediating Role of Coping Tendencies

Training distress occurs when athletes fail to cope with physiological and psychological stress and can be an early sign of overtraining syndrome. Recent research has found that perfectionism predicts increases in training distress in junior athletes over time. The current study provides the first empirical test of the possibility that coping tendencies mediate the perfectionism-training distress relationship. Adopting a cross-sectional design, 171 junior athletes (mean age = 18.1 years) completed self-report measures of perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, problem-focused coping, avoidant coping, and training distress. Structural equation modelling revealed that avoidant coping mediated the positive relationship between perfectionistic concerns and training distress, and mediated the negative relationship between perfectionistic strivings and training distress. Problem-focused coping did not mediate any relationships between dimensions of perfectionism and training distress. The findings suggest that the tendency to use coping strategies aimed at avoiding stress may partly explain the relationship between perfectionism and training distress but the tendency to use, or not use, problem-focussed coping does not

Emotional and behavioural problems among refugee children and adolescents living in South Australia

While there is a growing body of literature on the mental health status of adult refugees, children have been relatively neglected in research, particularly in Australia. This study investigated the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems and patterns of service utilisation among 530 refugee children and adolescents aged 4–17 years living in South Australia. Parents and teachers of children aged 4–17 years and adolescents aged 13–17 years completed the appropriate versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Of the 11.0% of children and adolescents found to have borderline or abnormal emotional and behavioural problems, only 13.0% accessed professional help. The study has practical implications for policy and practice.Tahereh Ziaian, Helena de Anstiss, Georgia Antoniou, Peter Baghurst, and Michael Sawye

Depressive symptomatology and service utilisation among refugee children and adolescents living in South Australia

Background:  Young refugees resettled in Western countries are at increased risk of mental health problems. However, most research has centred on post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with depression, other mental health disorders, and problems receiving comparatively less attention. Method:  Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) in a multiethnic community sample of 348 refugee children (n = 180) and adolescents (n = 168) aged 7–17 years living in South Australia. Results:  According to parent reports, 7.1% of children and adolescents had depressive symptomatology for which services were available and yet only 21.5% of these accessed services. Conclusions:  Young refugees need improved access to culturally appropriate mental health care.Tahereh Ziaian, Helena de Anstiss, Georgia Antoniou, Michael Sawyer, Peter Baghurs

Incidence and outcomes of major trauma in New Zealand: findings from a feasibility study of New Zealand’s first national trauma registry

Aims: The aim of the study was to pilot the feasibility of long-term outcomes data collection from adult major trauma survivors in New Zealand. This initial paper aims to characterise the New Zealand major trauma population in terms of long-term disability and functional outcomes after major trauma. Methods: A prospective cohort study of adults who had survived major trauma was conducted between June 2015 and December 2016 at two major trauma centres in Auckland. Results: Of 256 trauma referrals, 112 (44%) were confirmed eligible and consented. One hundred completed the survey at six months and 83 at 12 months. A majority of the study sample were male (72%), under 65 years (84%), with a disproportionally higher number of Māori in the sample (23%). At six months post-injury, the majority of participants were categorised as experiencing either moderate disability (37%) or good recovery (42%). Half of the participants experienced moderate pain at both 6 and 12 months post-injury (50% and 52% respectively), and problems with their usual activities at six months post-injury (51%). Conclusions: Most study participants made a good recovery, but there was still a large group of people experiencing disability, pain and not in paid employment at 12 months post-injury