Training healthcare assistants working in adult acute inpatient wards in Psychological First Aid: An implementation and evaluation study.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: Healthcare assistants are untrained and unregistered frontline staff but are expected to be proactive in preventing and responding to 'untoward' incidents quickly and efficiently when working within adult acute inpatient psychiatric settings. Healthcare assistants should be trained to provide enhanced care to service users residing in acute psychiatric settings. To date, a training programme in Psychological First Aid has not been expended in such a setting with nonregistered staff. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: The study demonstrates that training healthcare assistants in Psychological First Aid is useful in improving their confidence in caring for service users, therapeutic engagement with service users and ward culture in general. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A training programme in Psychological First Aid for healthcare assistants to enhance ward culture can be implemented in different practice environments. Psychological First Aid is harmonious with nursing values and provides healthcare assistants with a relevant, useful and easily understood toolkit to apply in acute psychiatric settings. ABSTRACT: Introduction Healthcare assistants working within adult acute inpatient psychiatric settings are untrained and unregistered, however, they can contribute to quality service if they receive some training. Psychological First Aid training has never been expended in these settings, so this study intends to fill this gap in the existing evidence with this category of healthcare personnel. Aim The aim of this study was to introduce and evaluate first aid training for healthcare assistants. Method A pre/post design was adopted to gather data using questionnaires and interviews. The groups of participants included 16 healthcare assistants trained in Psychological First Aid, a sample of service users and four ward managers. Results Post-training, (a) healthcare assistants and service users ranked the therapeutic milieu of the ward more favourably, (b) the self-efficacy of the healthcare assistants increased, and the number of 'untoward' incidents decreased, and (c) health care assistants' confidence in their skills was high. The ward manager interviews post-training revealed four themes: (a) staff utilization of new skills and renewed enthusiasm, (b) calmer atmosphere on the ward and staff togetherness, (c) confidence and reflection on practice and (d) therapeutic engagement. Discussion Training healthcare assistants is useful in improving staff confidence, therapeutic engagement with service users and ward culture in general. Implications for practice Techniques and skills learnt are relevant and useful to healthcare assistants and provide an easily understood toolkit that is harmonious with nursing values. If executed correctly, the training can enhance practice and care outcomes and the overall service user experience

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR). The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF). <br><br> We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers

Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies in acute liver failure

AbstractAntibodies to cardiolipin (aCLA), a phospholipid primarily localized in inner mitochondrial membranes, were transiently elevated (P<0.01) when mice were exposed to an industrial surfactant and then infected with influenza B virus, a model of acute liver failure (ALF). Children with ALF also had elevated levels of aCLA

Living Coast: Understanding Local Perspectives and Values of the Coast using Community Voice Method in Portsmouth and on the Durham Heritage Coast

This project was commissioned by Natural England with the aim of using the Community Voice Method to explore the values and perceptions of people in Portsmouth and along the Durham Heritage Coast in relation to their local coastal environments and the England Coast Path. The study focused on less affluent areas because wider evidence, including Natural England’s Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment, suggests this is where people are less likely to experience and, therefore benefit from, the natural environment. Through understanding what people think and feel about the coast, it is hoped the benefits of the England Coast Path and a healthy environment can be harnessed for a diverse range of users. The work was undertaken by the Marine Conservation Society, the University of Greenwich and Community Voice Consulting. The approach involved conducting filmed interviews with sample populations in both areas. Forty-one people were interviewed in 33 interviews across the two areas (19 in Portsmouth and 22 along the Durham Coast). The aim was to have a diverse sample of interviewees that included both regular coastal users and those who visited less often, or not at all. The sample populations were fairly evenly divided between active and limited users with a range of ages represented, although the greatest number of responses was in the 60-69 age range. Two films (each approximately 20 mins long) were produced based on the analysis of the interview transcripts. The Portsmouth CVM film can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/jJB94V2g7LY The Durham Heritage Coast CVM film can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmCdqdLoVww A short documentary film explaining the background and method used in this research is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rxj_GQyCX2s The CVM films were shown in 5 locations along the Durham coast and 3 in Portsmouth in a variety of community settings. The screenings and workshops provided opportunities to involve some additional people from the local communities, add content that people thought was missing in the films, or expand topics that had already been raised. For analysis, the interviews were divided into themes related to wellbeing, place values, features of coastal places and responses to the England Coast Path

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene expression positivity determined by silver in situ hybridization/immunohistochemistry methods and associated factors in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients with gastric adenocarcinoma : a prospective study

Objective: Positive human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression and its predictive clinicopathological features remain unclear in Sri Lankan gastric cancer (GC) patients. Here, we aimed to determine GC HER2 status predictors by analyzing associations between clinicopathological features and HER2 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and silver in situ hybridization (SISH). Methods: During this 4-year prospective study, clinicopathological data were collected from participants in the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. HER2 IHC and SISH were performed using commercial reagents. Using chi-square tests, associations of HER2-IHC/SISH with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results: Overall, 145 GC patients were included, 69 had gastrectomies and 76 had biopsies. Positive HER2 expression by IHC was associated with age 5/high-power field, with additional perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion in resections. These features, excluding lymphovascular invasion but including male sex, were associated with HER2 expression by SISH. Conclusions: Age <60 years, high nuclear grade, tumor necrosis, and perineural invasion are associated factors of HER2 status. These could be used to triage GC patients for HER2 status testing in limited resource settings where IHC/SISH analysis is costly

The first 80-hour continuous lidar campaign for simultaneous observation ofmesopause region temperature and wind

The Colorado State Sodium lidar has been upgraded to a two-beam system capable of simultaneous measurement of mesopause region temperature and winds, day and night, weather permitting. This paper reports the initial result of the first campaign, conducted in April 2002, with a total of 145 hours of observation including an 80-hour continuous data acquisition of temperature and zonal wind. The contour plots of the continuous data set show considerable coherence and activities of upward propagating waves, with a maximum day-night difference of 15.5 m/s in zonal wind at 88 km and of 10 K in temperature at 92 km. Oscillations at periods of 10-hour in temperature and 16-hour in zonal wind, implicating nonlinear interactions, can be identified. Decomposition of the time series into tidal periods, resulted in very good agreement with the GSWM00 predictions of diurnal tide. The observed altitude dependence in diurnal amplitudes and phases is consistent with the presence of a significant upward propagating wave, accompanying and modulating the main diurnal tide

Tidal perturbations and variability in mesopause region over Fort Collins, CO(41N, 105W): continuous multi-day temperature and wind lidar observations

An unusually long data set was acquired at the sodium lidar facility at Colorado State University (41N, 105W), between Sep 18 and Oct 01, 2003, including a 9-day continuous observation. This time is long enough to average out the perturbations of gravity waves and short-period planetary waves. As such, it can be used to define tidal-period perturbations in temperature and horizontal wind. Assuming the sodium mixing ratio is a constant of motion, the observed tidal-period oscillation in sodium density follows that of vertical wind. Thus, the data set defines tidal-period perturbations of temperature and wind vector. The observed amplitudes and phases were compared to Global Scale Wave Model predictions (both GSWM00 and GSWM02). We found excellent agreement in diurnal phases and reasonable agreement in semidiurnal phases. However, GSWM02 overestimates diurnal amplitudes and both model versions underestimate observed semidiurnal amplitudes. Since the data period is long enough for the study of planetary waves and of tidal variability, we perform spectral analysis of the data, revealing a strong quasi 3-day wave in meridional wind, a 14 hour perturbation in zonal wind, and both 14-hour and 10-hour periods in meridional wind, likely the result of nonlinear interactions. The observed semidiurnal amplitudes are much larger than the corresponding diurnal amplitudes above 85 km, and over a few days the diurnal and semidiurnal amplitudes vary by factors of 2–3. Causes for the observed tidal variability in terms of planetary wave modulation and tide-gravity wave interaction are explored qualitatively

Seasonal variation of diurnal perturbations in mesopause regiontemperature, zonal, and meridional winds above Fort Collins, Colorado (40.6°N, 105°)

On the basis of lidar observations from May 2002 through April 2003, covering both day and night, we performed a harmonic analysis to extract the diurnal perturbations in mesopause region temperature, zonal and meridional winds over Fort Collins, Colorado (40.6°N, 105°W), binned every 2 months. The results were compared to predictions of the 2000 and 2002 versions of Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM00 and GSWM02). The diurnal tidal period oscillations showed a mixture of propagating and evanescent (trapped) modes, but the propagating modes dominated for most of the year. The agreement in temperature diurnal phases between observation and GSWM prediction is marginal. On the other hand, other than July-August meridional winds, the observed diurnal phases in both wind components are in good agreement with GSWM predictions for most of the altitude range reported. The diurnal amplitude predictions of GSWM00 were reasonably close to lidar observations, while other than January-February, the GSWM02 amplitude prediction overestimated the observations, typically by a factor of two. We also conducted comparisons on tidal perturbations in zonal wind between radar campaigns and our lidar observations. The lidar data agreed reasonably well with the MF radar data from 2000 to 2001 at nearby Platteville, Colorado (40.2°N, 104.7°W), but showed considerable differences with the data from other midlatitude stations from 1992 to 1993. The dominance of the evanescent mode in the temperature diurnal tidal oscillation during the early winter (November and December), which reached a peak value at midnight, was interesting and anomalous. By invoking the more recent data (November and December in 2003), as well as the diurnal temperature observations from December 1998, we report that the evanescent (trapped) diurnal tidal perturbations were robust and persisted from one year to the next

Mapping of the Disease Locus and Identification of ADAMTS10 As a Candidate Gene in a Canine Model of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, with elevated intraocular pressure as an important risk factor. Increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork causes elevated intraocular pressure, but the specific mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we used genome-wide SNP arrays to map the disease gene in a colony of Beagle dogs with inherited POAG to within a single 4 Mb locus on canine chromosome 20. The Beagle POAG locus is syntenic to a previously mapped human quantitative trait locus for intraocular pressure on human chromosome 19. Sequence capture and next-generation sequencing of the entire canine POAG locus revealed a total of 2,692 SNPs segregating with disease. Of the disease-segregating SNPs, 54 were within exons, 8 of which result in amino acid substitutions. The strongest candidate variant causes a glycine to arginine substitution in a highly conserved region of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS10. Western blotting revealed ADAMTS10 protein is preferentially expressed in the trabecular meshwork, supporting an effect of the variant specific to aqueous humor outflow. The Gly661Arg variant in ADAMTS10 found in the POAG Beagles suggests that altered processing of extracellular matrix and/or defects in microfibril structure or function may be involved in raising intraocular pressure, offering specific biochemical targets for future research and treatment strategies