816 research outputs found
Log-Networks
We introduce a growing network model in which a new node attaches to a
randomly-selected node, as well as to all ancestors of the target node. This
mechanism produces a sparse, ultra-small network where the average node degree
grows logarithmically with network size while the network diameter equals 2. We
determine basic geometrical network properties, such as the size dependence of
the number of links and the in- and out-degree distributions. We also compare
our predictions with real networks where the node degree also grows slowly with
time -- the Internet and the citation network of all Physical Review papers.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 2-column revtex4 format. Version 2: minor changes
in response to referee comments and to another proofreading; final version
for PR
Extended Emission Line Gas in Radio Galaxies - PKS0349-27
PKS0349-27 is a classical FRII radio galaxy with an AGN host which has a
spectacular, spiral-like structure in its extended emission line gas (EELG). We
have measured the velocity field in this gas and find that it splits into 2
cloud groups separated by radial velocities which at some points approach 400
km/s Measurements of the diagnostic emission line ratios [OIII]5007/H-beta,
[SII]6716+6731/H-alpha, and [NII]6583/H-alpha in these clouds show no evidence
for the type of HII region emission associated with starburst activity in
either velocity system. The measured emission line ratios are similar to those
found in the nuclei of narrow-line radio galaxies, but the extended
ionization/excitation cannot be produced by continuum emission from the active
nucleus alone. We present arguments which suggest that the velocity
disturbances seen in the EELG are most likely the result of a galaxy-galaxy
collision or merger but cannot completely rule out the possibility that the gas
has been disrupted by the passage of a radio jet.Comment: 12 pages, 3 fig pages, to appear in the Astrophys.
The Kinematics of Thick Disks in External Galaxies
We present kinematic measurements of the thick and thin disks in two edge-on
galaxies. We have derived stellar rotation curves at and above the galaxies'
midplanes using Ca II triplet features measured with the GMOS spectrograph on
Gemini North. In one galaxy, FGC 1415, the kinematics above the plane show
clear rotation that lags that of the midplane by ~20-50%, similar to the
behavior seen in the Milky Way. However, the kinematics of the second galaxy,
FGC 227, are quite different. The rotation above the plane is extremely slow,
showing <25% of the rotation speed of the stars at the midplane. We decompose
the observed rotation curves into a superposition of thick and thin disk
kinematics, using 2-dimensional fits to the galaxy images to determine the
fraction of thick disk stars at each position. We find that the thick disk of
FGC 1415 rotates at 30-40% of the rotation speed of the thin disk. In contrast,
the thick disk of FGC 227 is very likely counter-rotating, if it is rotating at
all. These observations are consistent with the velocity dispersion profiles we
measure for each galaxy. The detection of counter-rotating thick disks
conclusively rules out models where the thick disk forms either during
monolithic collapse or from vertical heating of a previous thin disk. Instead,
the data strongly support models where the thick disk forms from direct
accretion of stars from infalling satellites.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Towards the characterization of individual users through Web analytics
We perform an analysis of the way individual users navigate in the Web. We
focus primarily in the temporal patterns of they return to a given page. The
return probability as a function of time as well as the distribution of time
intervals between consecutive visits are measured and found to be independent
of the level of activity of single users. The results indicate a rich variety
of individual behaviors and seem to preclude the possibility of defining a
characteristic frequency for each user in his/her visits to a single site.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Proceeding of Complex'0
Edge effects in a frustrated Josephson junction array with modulated couplings
A square array of Josephson junctions with modulated strength in a magnetic
field with half a flux quantum per plaquette is studied by analytic arguments
and dynamical simulations. The modulation is such that alternate columns of
junctions are of different strength to the rest. Previous work has shown that
this system undergoes an XY followed by an Ising-like vortex lattice
disordering transition at a lower temperature. We argue that resistance
measurements are a possible probe of the vortex lattice disordering transition
as the linear resistance with
at intermediate temperatures due to dissipation at the array
edges for a particular geometry and vanishes for other geometries. Extensive
dynamical simulations are performed which support the qualitative physical
arguments.Comment: 8 pages with figs, RevTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev.
A quantitative analysis of measures of quality in science
Condensing the work of any academic scientist into a one-dimensional measure
of scientific quality is a difficult problem. Here, we employ Bayesian
statistics to analyze several different measures of quality. Specifically, we
determine each measure's ability to discriminate between scientific authors.
Using scaling arguments, we demonstrate that the best of these measures require
approximately 50 papers to draw conclusions regarding long term scientific
performance with usefully small statistical uncertainties. Further, the
approach described here permits the value-free (i.e., statistical) comparison
of scientists working in distinct areas of science.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 4 table
Giant Shapiro steps for two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays with time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau dynamics
Two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays at zero temperature are
investigated numerically within the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model
and the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) model with global conservation of
current implemented through the fluctuating twist boundary condition (FTBC).
Fractional giant Shapiro steps are found for {\em both} the RSJ and TDGL cases.
This implies that the local current conservation, on which the RSJ model is
based, can be relaxed to the TDGL dynamics with only global current
conservation, without changing the sequence of Shapiro steps. However, when the
maximum widths of the steps are compared for the two models some qualitative
differences are found at higher frequencies. The critical current is also
calculated and comparisons with earlier results are made. It is found that the
FTBC is a more adequate boundary condition than the conventional uniform
current injection method because it minimizes the influence of the boundary.Comment: 6 pages including 4 figures in two columns, final versio
Numerical Study of Order in a Gauge Glass Model
The XY model with quenched random phase shifts is studied by a T=0 finite
size defect energy scaling method in 2d and 3d. The defect energy is defined by
a change in the boundary conditions from those compatible with the true ground
state configuration for a given realization of disorder. A numerical technique,
which is exact in principle, is used to evaluate this energy and to estimate
the stiffness exponent . This method gives in
2d and in 3d, which are considerably larger than
previous estimates, strongly suggesting that the lower critical dimension is
less than three. Some arguments in favor of these new estimates are given.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, revtex. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Current-voltage characteristics of the two-dimensional XY model with Monte Carlo dynamics
Current-voltage characteristics and the linear resistance of the
two-dimensional XY model with and without external uniform current driving are
studied by Monte Carlo simulations. We apply the standard finite-size scaling
analysis to get the dynamic critical exponent at various temperatures. From
the comparison with the resistively-shunted junction dynamics, it is concluded
that is universal in the sense that it does not depend on details of
dynamics. This comparison also leads to the quantification of the time in the
Monte Carlo dynamic simulation.Comment: 5 pages in two columns including 5 figures, to appear in PR
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