66,343 research outputs found
Novel Techniques and Their Applications to Health Foods, Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology: Functional Genomics and Basic Epigenetic Controls in Plant and Animal Cells
Selected applications of novel techniques for analyzing Health Food formulations, as well as for advanced investigations in Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology aimed at defining the multiple connections between functional genomics and epigenomic, fundamental control mechanisms in both animal and plant cells are being reviewed with the aim of unraveling future developments and policy changes that are likely to open new niches for Biotechnology and prevent the shrinking or closing of existing markets. Amongst the selected novel techniques with applications in both Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology are: immobilized bacterial cells and enzymes, microencapsulation and liposome production, genetic manipulation of microorganisms, development of novel vaccines from plants, epigenomics of mammalian cells and organisms, and biocomputational tools for molecular modeling related to disease and Bioinformatics. Both
fundamental and applied aspects of the emerging new techniques are being discussed in relation to
their anticipated, marked impact on future markets and present policy changes that are needed for success in either Agricultural or Medical Biotechnology. The novel techniques are illustrated with figures presenting the most important features of representative and powerful tools which are currently being developed for both immediate and long term applications in Agriculture, Health Food formulation and production, pharmaceuticals and
Medicine. The research aspects are naturally emphasized in our review as they are key to further developments in Biotechnology; however, the course adopted for the implementation of biotechnological applications, and the policies associated with biotechnological applications are clearly the determining factors for future Biotechnology successes, be they pharmaceutical, medical or agricultural
The adaptive nature of the bone-periodontal ligament-cementum complex in a ligature-induced periodontitis rat model.
The novel aspect of this study involves illustrating significant adaptation of a functionally loaded bone-PDL-cementum complex in a ligature-induced periodontitis rat model. Following 4, 8, and 15 days of ligation, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α and RANKL), a mineral resorption indicator (TRAP), and a cell migration and adhesion molecule for tissue regeneration (fibronectin) within the complex were localized and correlated with changes in PDL-space (functional space). At 4 days of ligation, the functional space of the distal complex was widened compared to controls and was positively correlated with an increased expression of TNF- α. At 8 and 15 days, the number of RANKL(+) cells decreased near the mesial alveolar bone crest (ABC) but increased at the distal ABC. TRAP(+) cells on both sides of the complex significantly increased at 8 days. A gradual change in fibronectin expression from the distal PDL-secondary cementum interfaces through precementum layers was observed when compared to increased and abrupt changes at the mesial PDL-cementum and PDL-bone interfaces in ligated and control groups. Based on our results, we hypothesize that compromised strain fields can be created in a diseased periodontium, which in response to prolonged function can significantly alter the original bone and apical cementum formations
A Thermal-Nonthermal Inverse Compton Model for Cyg X-1
Using Monte Carlo methods to simulate the inverse Compton scattering of soft
photons, we model the spectrum of the Galactic black hole candidate Cyg X-1,
which shows evidence of a nonthermal tail extending beyond a few hundred keV.
We assume an ad hoc sphere of leptons, whose energy distribution consists of a
Maxwellian plus a high energy power-law tail, and inject 0.5 keV blackbody
photons. The spectral data is used to constrain the nonthermal plasma fraction
and the power-law index assuming a reasonable Maxwellian temperature and
Thomson depth. A small but non-negligible fraction of nonthermal leptons is
needed to explain the power-law tail.Comment: 5 pages, 2 PostScript figure, uses aipproc.sty, to appear in
Proceedings of Fourth Compton Symposiu
Measuring spectrum of spin wave using vortex dynamics
We propose to measure the spectrum of magnetic excitation in magnetic
materials using motion of vortex lattice driven by both ac and dc current in
superconductors. When the motion of vortex lattice is resonant with oscillation
of magnetic moments, the voltage decreases at a given current. From transport
measurement, one can obtain frequency of the magnetic excitation with the wave
number determined by vortex lattice constant. By changing the lattice constant
through applied magnetic fields, one can obtains the spectrum of the magnetic
excitation up to a wave vector of order .Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Liquid crystal phases of ultracold dipolar fermions on a lattice
Motivated by the search for quantum liquid crystal phases in a gas of
ultracold atoms and molecules, we study the density wave and nematic
instabilities of dipolar fermions on the two-dimensional square lattice (in the
plane) with dipoles pointing to the direction. We determine the phase
diagram using two complimentary methods, the Hatree-Fock mean field theory and
the linear response analysis of compressibility. Both give consistent results.
In addition to the staggered (, ) density wave, over a finite range
of densities and hopping parameters, the ground state of the system first
becomes nematic and then smectic, when the dipolar interaction strength is
increased. Both phases are characterized by the same broken four-fold (C)
rotational symmetry. The difference is that the nematic phase has a closed
Fermi surface but the smectic does not. The transition from the nematic to the
smectic phase is associated with a jump in the nematic order parameter. This
jump is closely related to the van Hove singularities. We derive the kinetic
equation for collective excitations in the normal isotropic phase and find that
the zero sound mode is strongly Landau damped and thus is not a well defined
excitation. Experimental implications of our results are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; Erratum added in the appendi
Computing the lower and upper bounds of Laplace eigenvalue problem: by combining conforming and nonconforming finite element methods
This article is devoted to computing the lower and upper bounds of the
Laplace eigenvalue problem. By using the special nonconforming finite elements,
i.e., enriched Crouzeix-Raviart element and extension , we get
the lower bound of the eigenvalue. Additionally, we also use conforming finite
elements to do the postprocessing to get the upper bound of the eigenvalue. The
postprocessing method need only to solve the corresponding source problems and
a small eigenvalue problem if higher order postprocessing method is
implemented. Thus, we can obtain the lower and upper bounds of the eigenvalues
simultaneously by solving eigenvalue problem only once. Some numerical results
are also presented to validate our theoretical analysis.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
The Energy Dependence of the Aperiodic Variability for Cygnus X-1, GX 339-4, GRS 1758-258, & 1E 1740.7-2942
Using the data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), we report the
different energy dependence of the variability of the four persistent hard
X-ray sources in the low-hard state: Cygnus X-1, GX 339-4, GRS 1758-258 and 1E
1740.7-2942. Cygnus X-1 is found to have a flatter power density spectrum (PDS)
shape at higher energies. The other three sources have energy independent PDS
shapes. The energy dependence of the overall variability (the integrated rms
amplitude) varies from source to source and from observation to observation.
1E~1740.7-2942, for example, has a variability generally increasing with energy
while GX 339-4 has a decreasing variability. A general trend is found in the
four sources that the integrated rms amplitude anti-correlates with the X-ray
flux. We compare these distinct energy dependent behaviors with several
emission models. None of the models can fully explain all the features that we
have found.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Exploring the Referral and Usage of Science Fiction in HCI Literature
Research on science fiction (sci-fi) in scientific publications has indicated
the usage of sci-fi stories, movies or shows to inspire novel Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI) research. Yet no studies have analysed sci-fi in a top-ranked
computer science conference at present. For that reason, we examine the CHI
main track for the presence and nature of sci-fi referrals in relationship to
HCI research. We search for six sci-fi terms in a dataset of 5812 CHI main
proceedings and code the context of 175 sci-fi referrals in 83 papers indexed
in the CHI main track. In our results, we categorize these papers into five
contemporary HCI research themes wherein sci-fi and HCI interconnect: 1)
Theoretical Design Research; 2) New Interactions; 3) Human-Body Modification or
Extension; 4) Human-Robot Interaction and Artificial Intelligence; and 5)
Visions of Computing and HCI. In conclusion, we discuss results and
implications located in the promising arena of sci-fi and HCI research.Comment: v1: 20 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, HCI International 2018 accepted
submission v2: 20 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, added link/doi for Springer
proceedin
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