The tribological performances of Super Olein as fluid lubricant using four-ball tribotester

One of the major problem of using palm oil as lubricant is the sustainability towards the oxidation reaction. In this study, double fractionated palm olein (SPL) was used as lubricant while Tertiary-Butyl-Hydroquinone (TBHQ) was used as anti–oxidant agent. Four-ball tribotester was used to determine the coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter and surface roughness. The results revealed that the additional TBHQ exhibited reduction in coefficient of friction and provide a smooth surface roughness. However, it was unable to prolong the protection on the metal surface by the metallic soap film thus resulted larger wear scar diameter. The physical appearances of wear worn were also discussed in details in this study

The tribological performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing using bio-based lubricant

Green technology policies and other environmental legislations have driven researchers to channel their attention into bio-based lubricants. In the current study, the performance of the bio-based lubricant, palm mid olein (PMO), in journal bearing applications was examined. A comprehensive journal bearing test rig was used to evaluate the tribological behaviour of PMO and to compare it with a mineral-based oil (SAE 40). A bearing, with a length to diameter ratio of 0.5, was used in accordance with variations in the journal speed and radial load. It was found that PMO presented a higher maximum pressure and better thermal resistivity compared to SAE 40. PMO also demonstrated a lower friction coefficient in all testing conditions

Tribological performance of palm kernel oil added with nanoparticle copper oxide using fourball tribotester

The remaining base stock of mineral oil resources is drawing attention to the researchers all over the world as the technology development keep on increasing over the years. Researchers also keep trying to figure out this issue by diverting the attention to other resources such as vegetable oil. This study is focusing on using palm oil based as lubricant with addition of nanoparticles copper oxide to improve the tribological behavior. There are 3 types of lubricant being used in this study which are mineral based engine oil (SAE 40), palm kernel oil (PKO) and palm kernel oil added with nanoparticle copper oxide (PKO+CuO). Fourball tribotester machine was used and the experiment was conducted by following the ASTM D4172 standard. The result analysis was focusing on coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter, surface roughness as well as wear worn observation. It was found that, PKO+CuO exhibited 20.12% and 8.73% lower coefficient of friction compared to SAE 40 and PKO respectively. However, PKO+CuO represented 10.13% and 1.74% higher wear scar diameter compared to SAE 40 and PKO respectively. The physical appearances of wear worn were observed and further discussed in this present study

Effect of addition of tertiary-butyl hydroquinone into palm oil to reduce wear and friction using four-ball tribotester

Replacing mineral oil with vegetable oils as lubricants continues to attract interest due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and ease of disposal. However, one disadvantage can be low thermal oxidative stability. The purpose of our research is to investigate the ways in which oxidation can be contained by combining palm oil with a phenolic antioxidant. A homogeneous mix of palm oil and tertiary-butyl hydroquinone was found to exhibit satisfactory antioxidant properties and reduce wear and friction. Superior mineral engine oil was used to benchmark the performance

Tribology of Composite Materials and Coatings in Manufacturing

The chapter presents studies regarding the tribological performance of composite materials and multilayer composite coated tools in manufacturing processes carried out by the authors. Two manufacturing processes were investigated—metal forming and metal cutting. In metal forming, the study aimed to explore lubricant-free forming utilizing multilayer DLC composite hard coating as the potential tool coating. The experimental studies on the coating include characterization of the coating, and tribological analysis of the coating using commercially available pin-on-disk, laboratory tribology simulative test and industrial ironing of stainless steel. In order to examine the influence of temperature and contact pressure along the tool/workpiece interface on friction, Finite Element analysis was performed. Meanwhile, in metal cutting, two environmentally benign machining techniques were investigated to determine their potentials in delaying tool wear progression. First, sustainable machining by coupling multilayer ceramic composite coated-tool with cryogenic coolant as the cutting fluid. Second, the machining of Carbon Fibre Composite and Titanium alloys stacks using Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (UAD) technique. Both techniques include investigations on machining conditions with varied cutting tool speeds. The examinations on the experimental results were focused on temperature, tool wear, surface integrity and metallurgical structure of near-surface region