Evaluation of Functional Characteristics of Lactose by Inverse Gas Chromatography

AbstractThe work was focused on the analysis of different batches of the common pharmaceutical excipient lactose using inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Several batches of amorphous (spray dried) and crystalline form of lactose were studied. Surface properties represented by the surface energy and specific (acid-base) interactions between probes and analyzed samples shows batch variations and significant differences between manufacturers and technological processes. The second part of this work was focused on effect of relative humidity and temperature on stability of lactose. The variations of surface energy and specific interactions over time were studied. The changes in surface properties of two batches of lactose-amorphous and crystalline caused by higher relative humidity were measured by IGC. From measured values are obvious different chemical and physical properties of both lactose forms. Negative effect of higher temperature and air humidity lead to changes in surface energy and mainly rapid changes of electron–acceptor and electron-donor surface sites. Lactose monohydrate shows dramatic decrease in the surface energy and in the strength of electron-accepting sites on the contrary of spray dried where the acidity of surface increased

The Practice of Adoption: History, Trends, and Social Context

This article presents an overview of the practice of adoption to counseling psychologists to promote clinical understanding of the adoption experience and to stimulate research on adoption. The article includes definitions of adoption terminology, important historical and legal developments for adoption, a summary of adoption statistics, conceptualizations of adoption experience, themes and trends in adoption outcome research related to adoptees and birthparents, and selected theoretical models of adoption. The importance of considering social context variables in adoption practice and research is emphasized

A Multipurpose Micro-pulse Reactor for Studying Gas-phase Reactions

The article is focused on the aspects of using micro-catalytic pulse reactors for studying gas-phase reactions. A literature review includes data regarding different types of micro-catalytic pulse reactor applications in heterogeneous catalysis and the techniques used for estimating kinetic parameters are summarized. The experimental part describes the adaptation of a pyrolysis chromatograph to a micro-catalytic reactor. The mathematical model of a homogeneous pulse carried by the carrier-gas in the plug-flow regime is developed and the assumptions regarding its validity are tested on a model reaction. Three examples describing the application of the technique to non-catalyzed reaction system screening, catalyst screening, and kinetic data measurement followed by estimation of the kinetic quantities of the model reaction by non-linear regression are provided in the article

the Practice of Adoption: History, Trends, and Social Context

This article presents an overview of the practice of adoption to counseling psychologists to promote clinical understanding of the adoption experience and to stimulate research on adoption. The article includes definitions of adoption terminology, important historical and legal developments for adoption, a summary of adoption statistics, conceptualizations of adoption experience, themes and trends in adoption outcome research related to adoptees and birthparents, and selected theoretical models of adoption. The importance of considering social context variables in adoption practice and research is emphasized

Breaking the Silence: Advancing Knowledge about Adoption for Counseling Psychologists

Provides an introduction to the Major Contribution for this issue of Counseling Psychologist. The Major Contribution consists of an overview article describing the practice of adoption and two detailed reviews of recent empirical literature related to adoptive families and transracial adoptees. Given the prevalence of people affected by adoption, the lack of knowledge regarding adoption among researchers and practitioners, the inattention to adoption research by psychology, and the negative myths about and stigma faced by adoptive triad members, the Major Contribution will have the following as its purposes: (a) to increase awareness of the psychological and sociocultural issues involved in adoption and provide useful frameworks for clinical and research efforts in this domain; (b) to promote an understanding of empirical research (i.e., findings, strengths, and limitations) regarding two nontraditional populations that are rarely attended to in psychology (adoptive families and transracial adoptees); and (c) to identify future theoretical, research, and practice directions for the study of adoption to which counseling psychologists can make valuable contributions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved