A study of socio demographic condition of North eastern Bihar

The main objective of this paper is to study the socio-economic and demographic conditions of this flood-prone region of north-eastern Bihar based on the data taken from a primarily conducted sample survey entitled “Migration and Related Characteristics - a Case Study of North-Eastern Bihar” during October 2009 to June 2010. A total of 664 households have been surveyed from the flood affected area of north-eastern Bihar consisting 8 villages of three districts Bhagalpur, Katihar and Purnia. Bivariate analysis and suitable statistical techniques have been applied. Results show that the study area is still backward from the other part of the state as well as the country

OBTAINING TEMPERATURE FIELDS AS A FUNCTION OF EFFICIENCY IN TIG WELDING BY NUMERICAL MODELING

The temperature field serves as the basis for predicting levels of residual stress in a welded joint. The aspects related to the mathematical modeling of complex welding procedures were pondered with the FEM: variations in the physical and mechanical properties of the materials as a function of the temperature, the transience and the speed of the welding process, the material phase transformations, the different mechanisms of heat exchange with the environment (convection and radiation), all them associated with a high level of nonlinearity. The heat source used in this analytical model for heat supply was the double ellipsoid model proposed by Goldak (2005), in which a 60 mm x 50 mm and 3 mm rectangular ASTM AH36 steel plate was used for the TIG process simulations. It was made a comparison of temperature fields for three different values of process efficiency (60%, 70% and 80%). The results showed many differences in the temperature fields following changes in the levels of residual stresses which will be determined in further studies

Measurement of cervical length using transvaginal sonography for prediction of preterm labour

Background: Preterm labour and delivery cause major health burden to the society due to high perinatal morbidities and mortality and long-term health implications and also affects maternal. An effective and objective way for predicting preterm delivery is measurement of cervical length by transvaginal sonography as it allows better quality and accurate visualization of uterine cervix. Cervical length (<25 mm) is good and accurate cervical biometry for prediction of preterm birth. The objective of this study was to measure cervical length by transvaginal sonography for predicting preterm labour and fetal outcome.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, at SVPIMSR hospital, Ahmedabad from July 2018 to December 2019 in 150 antenatal women to assess cervical changes (cervical length, dilatation of internal OS, funnelling etc.) between 16 to 24 weeks of gestation and these cases followed till delivery and results were analysed.Results:150 antenatal women who fulfilled the selection criteria were studied using transvaginal ultrasound between 16-24 weeks of gestation, out of them 36 (24%) women delivered preterm babies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) recorded in this study were 80.5%, 94.73%, 82.85% and 93.91% respectively.Conclusion: Transvaginal sonography is the most useful and better, safe, accurate, most effective, less expensive, objective and acceptable technique for assessing cervical length in all antenatal women and predicting the preterm labour when assessed between 16 -24 weeks of gestational age

Pregnancy outcome in patients with fibroid: a retrospective study

Background: Fibroids are benign smooth muscle cell tumour of the uterus. In some patients of pregnancy associated with fibroid, it does not affect the outcome of pregnancy. On the other hand, various complications have been reported. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome in antenatal women with fibroids.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care center, obstetrics & gynecology department over a period of eighteen months between June 2018 to November 2019. Total 26 pregnant patients with >3 cm fibroid was included in the study. They were followed during antenatal period. Maternal age, parity, size of fibroid, complications during pregnancy, labour, and delivery, mode of delivery and indications of cesarean section were noted.Results: Out of 26 patients, 15 (57.6%) were between 26-30 years of age group and 16 (61.53%) were multigravidas. Normal vaginal delivery occurred in 8 (33.33%), while 16 (66.66%) delivered by caesarean section. There were 9 (34.61%) patients who had no complication whereas 17 (65.38%) had some complication. Pain was present in 8 (30.76%). PROM and preterm labour were present in 3 (18.75%) and 5 (19.23%) respectively. PPH was present in 2 (7.69%).Conclusions: Pregnant patients who have fibroids are to be carefully screened in the antenatal period, so as to have a regular follow up. The widespread use of ultrasonography has facilitated diagnosis and management of fibroids in pregnancy. The site and size of fibroid is very important to predict its effect on pregnancy

A hospital based retrospective study of thyroid disorders on obstetric and perinatal outcomes

Background: The study was undertaken in pregnant women to understand and analyze the obstetric and foetal outcomes of thyroid disorders.Methods: TSH estimation was used as universal screening in their first visit to our hospital. Those patients with abnormal TSH values, i.e. above 2.5 mIU/ml in first trimester and above 3 mIU/ml in second and third trimesters were evaluated for free T3, free T4 and TPO Abs. They were treated accordingly and dosage adjustments made and the tests repeated once in 4-6 weeks. They were followed throughout pregnancy and delivery.Results: Total no of pregnant women screened were 904 over a period of 1 year from 15 March 2019 to 14 March 2020, of which 115 had abnormal thyroid functions, thereby the prevalence of thyroid disorders being 12.72%. Of the 115 patients with thyroid disorders, 112 were hypothyroid and 3 were hyperthyroid. Among the 112 hypothyroid cases, 48 were known cases and 64 were new cases. The total cases of subclinical hypothyroidism were 88, prevalence being 9.73% and overt cases were 24, prevalence being 2.65%; 3 cases were overt hyperthyroid, prevalence being 0.33%. 66% of subclinical hypothyroidism were TPO positive and 34% of overt hypothyroidism were TPO positive (p<0.05). Out of 115 abnormal thyroid function patients, 92 patients delivered in our hospital. There were 15 abortions, 13 spontaneous and 2 terminations of pregnancies; 7 patients have delivered outside and 1 patient lost follow up.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders during pregnancy was significantly more in our study, hypothyroidism being the commonest. Significant numbers of cases were newly diagnosed on universal screening. The commonest disorder was subclinical hypothyroidism. Adverse maternal and foetal outcomes were almost similar in both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. The common adverse outcomes noted were abortions, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm births and increased rates of caesarean sections. The adverse outcomes were significantly more in autoimmune antibody positive patients

Assay of Genetic Architecture for Identification of Waterlogging Tolerant Pigeonpea Germplasm

The experiment was conducted to identify the waterlogging stress tolerant genotypes in pigeonpea. Waterlogging treatment was given to the plants at vegetative stage after treatment the survival rate was assessed. Out of 128 germplasm pool, 38 survived and the survival rate was estimated along with Mahalanobis D2 cluster analysis. The range of survival percentage for both pot and field were found between 26.6 and 73.3 with the standard deviation of 14.82 for pot screening and 14.29 for field screening. The pot survival percentage mean for all 38 accessions were found higher than field survival which clearly indicates that environment poses an effect on the performance of the genotypes. The Mahalanobis cluster analysis revealed five clusters. Out of five clusters, two were found comparatively tolerant than the others. The tolerant germplasm can also be used as donor parents in hybridization programs for development of water logging-tolerant genotypes. The identified tolerant germplasms may be utilized to incorporate waterlogging tolerance in the short-duration pigeonpea pool

OBTAINING TEMPERATURE FIELDS AS A FUNCTION OF EFFICIENCY IN TIG WELDING BY NUMERICAL MODELING

ABSTRACT The temperature field serves as the basis for predicting levels of residual stress in a welded joint. The aspects related to the mathematical modeling of complex welding procedures were pondered with the FEM: variations in the physical and mechanical properties of the materials as a function of the temperature, the transience and the speed of the welding process, the material phase transformations, the different mechanisms of heat exchange with the environment (convection and radiation), all them associated with a high level of nonlinearity. The heat source used in this analytical model for heat supply was the double ellipsoid model proposed b

Doubling maize (Zea mays) production of India by 2025 – Challenges and opportunities

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a commodity of high economic significance in India. Its demand and production is increasing more rapidly as compared to other major commodities. It is estimated that by 2025, India would require 50 million metric tonnes (MMT) maize grain, of which 32 MMT would be required in the feed sector, 15 MMT in the industrial sector, 2 MMT as food, and 1 MMT for seed and miscellaneous purposes. Over this, there would be about 10 MMT of export potential also. Thus, in the next 10 years there is a necessity and opportunity for doubling India's maize production from the current level of approximately 25 MMT. Prevalence of yield limiting biotic and abiotic stresses, lower adoption of modern production technologies in certain regions, extension and policy gaps, etc. remain major challenges before the Indian maize sector. Therefore, strong technological and policy interventions would be required to achieve the goal of doubling maize production. By 2025, productivity level of 5-6 tonnes/ha need to be targeted, in order to double the production without significant increase in acreage. Technological interventions like cultivar development and diversification, incorporation of stress resilience in the germplasm, accelerating the breeding process through new tools, and adoption of modern cultivation and protection practices including conservation agriculture technologies would play a key role in increasing the productivity. At the same time, policy interventions like strengthening of post-harvest handling infrastructure, price stabilization mechanisms, and value chains, streamlining of extension system, augmenting hybrid seed delivery mechanisms, appropriate policy on genetically modified seeds etc. will be essentially required