Carbonyl compounds indoors in a changing climate

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Formic acid, acetic acid and formaldehyde are important compounds in the indoor environment because of the potential for these acids to degrade calcareous materials (shells, eggs, tiles and geological specimens), paper and corrode or tarnish metals, especially copper and lead. Carbonyl sulfide tarnishes both silver and copper encouraging the formation of surface sulfides.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Carbonyls are evolved more quickly at higher temperatures likely in the Cartoon Gallery at Knole, an important historic house near Sevenoaks in Kent, England where the study is focused. There is a potential for higher concentrations to accumulate. However, it may well be that in warmer climates they will be depleted more rapidly if ventilation increases.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Carbonyls are likely to have a greater impact in the future.</p

Experimental study of current forces and deformations on a half ellipsoidal closed flexible fish cage

Closed flexible fish cages are proposed as a new concept in marine aquaculture, replacing the conventional net cages in order to meet ecological challenges related to fish lice and escapes. It is important to understand the response of the cage exposed to current loads. Then more knowledge about forces and deformations on the closed flexible fish cage for different filling levels is needed. A scaled model of a closed flexible fish cage shaped like a half ellipsoid was tested in a towing-tank. Global drag forces and bag deformations were measured for four different filling levels between 70% and 100%, and steady current velocities between 0.04 m/s and 0.22 m/s in model scale, corresponding to Reynolds numbers in the range Re=3–17×104Re=3–17×104. Findings from the experiments showed that the drag force increased for decreasing filling levels. This increase was caused by a large deformation of the front of the bag affecting the drag coefficient.Norges forskningsrådacceptedVersio