Lateral Load Carrying Capacity Of Helical Piles In Sand

In the present study, an attempt is made to evaluate the lateral load carrying capacity of helical pile with varying embedment length and by varying relative density of sand. A series of model tests were conducted on pile with zero, one, two and three helices, with varying embedment depth of 700mm, 600mm and 450mm. The diameter of the shaft and helix is 30mm and 90mm respectively, the spacing of helices is one times the diameter of the helix i.e., 90mm. The pile is driven in both, loose state of sand (relative density = 35%) and medium dense sand (relative density = 50%).The ultimate lateral load increases as the embedment depth increases. The ultimate lateral load increases as L/d ratio (Where L=depth of embedment, d=diameter of shaft;) increases and also increases as the number of helices increases. The ultimate lateral load is more in the helical pile compare to plain vertical pile. The triple helical pile for all the embedment length offer more resistance and carry more load and higher resistance and least load is seen in the plain vertical pile. The ultimate load for all the embedment depth in medium dense sand was found to be more in all cases, than piles driven in loose sand. The increase in lateral load resistance with increase in embedment depth is attributed to increase in passive resistance. A Comparison was made between plain vertical pile and with varying number of helices in a helical pile with varying embedment depth. It was found that the lateral resistance increases even with increase of one helical and it is more as the number of helices increases. Also as the relative density of sand is increased, the lateral resistance was found to increase

A Routing Protocol to Evade Congestion in Time Critical Events in Wireless Sensor Networks (ECTCE)

Abstract — Many applications of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are designed for vital event monitoring and to ensure timeliness and reliability for the measured environmental values. The communication protocol needs to prioritize the real time data and ensure the timely delivery of the data to the sink node. In this paper, a routing protocol for WSN has been proposed in congestion and delay aware manner to realize highly reliable and timeliness information delivery to the sink. In case of congestion occurrence, it is mitigated by data rate adjustment. The effectiveness of the proposed protocol depends upon how successfully the management packets are delivered, which carries the vital congestion and delay information. A simulation is conducted to investigate the result of the proposed protocol. The results of the proposed protocol have been compared with the similar known techniques and better results are observed

Effectiveness of three different oral hygiene techniques on Viridans streptococci: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Tongue cleaning is an important aspect of oral hygiene maintenance along with other mechanical and chemical aids. These methods have an influence on microorganism count in saliva. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of three different oral hygiene techniques on Viridans streptococci. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial with 45 study subjects aged between 14 and 16 years and were randomly allocated into three groups: Group A - plastic tongue scraper, Group B - chlorhexidine mouthwash along with plastic tongue scraper, and Group C - chlorhexidine mouthwash. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected on the 1st, 7th, and 15th day before routine oral hygiene practices. Saliva samples were collected and incubated for 48 h on itis Salivarius(MS) agar. Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus salivarius were counted. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean count of S. mitis, S. mutans, and S. salivarius for Group A, B, and C was found to be significant (P < 0.001) when compared between 1st, 7th, and 15th day. Between-groups comparisons revealed a significant difference between Groups A and C, B and C (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in bacterial count in all the participants indicating that all the three methods are useful in improving oral hygiene. Combination technique was found to be most effective

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