A study of achievement motivation, Job satisfaction and Mental stress of Shikshansahayak Teachers

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Routine versus selective use of episiotomy in primigravida: a prospective non-randomized case-control study

Background: Episiotomy is a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during second stage of labour. It is an inflicted second-degree perineal tear. Objective of this study was to determine the possible benefits and risks of the use of selective episiotomy versus routine episiotomy during delivery in primigravida.Methods: This is a prospective non-randomized case-control study designed to analyze and compare the maternal outcomes following routine versus selective use of episiotomy in primigravida. In control group, 122 patients were recruited and mediolateral episiotomy was given in all patients; while in study group, 61 patients were recruited, in whom episiotomy was given selectively.Results: In study group 61 patients were recruited, out of which episiotomy can be avoided in 23 (37.7%) of cases. There was no 3rd or 4th degree perineal tear found in any group. Perineal pain score on 3rd day postpartum was less in study group, as compared to control group on bed rest, sitting, walking and defecation.Conclusions: Selective use of episiotomy can improve maternal outcome by reducing perineal lacerations and those having intact perineum can have the best outcome when episiotomy is given selectively

Having Fun While Enhancing Student Engagement: Creative Approaches in Online Learning

This article explores various creative approaches to integrate into online counselor education classrooms. Creative approaches to learning help encourage students to be involved in classroom discussions or activities; while enhancing their critical thinking skills, professional development, and inclusivity within the classroom. This article explores the intention behind integrating creative approaches into online learning and offers several resources that instructors can use in their online classrooms

Hall of Mirrors Scattering from an Impurity in a Quantum Wire

This paper develops a scattering theory to examine how point impurities affect transport through quantum wires. While some of our new results apply specifically to hard-walled wires, others--for example, an effective optical theorem for two-dimensional waveguides--are more general. We apply the method of images to the hard-walled guide, explicitly showing how scattering from an impurity affects the wire's conductance. We express the effective cross section of a confined scatterer entirely in terms of the empty waveguide's Green's function, suggesting a way in which to use semiclassical methods to understand transport properties of smooth wires. In addition to predicting some new phenomena, our approach provides a simple physical picture for previously observed effects such as conductance dips and confinement-induced resonances.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review B. Minor additions to text, added reference

ASSOCIATION OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY FROM WESTERN INDIA

ABSTRACTObjective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) both are known to have adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Availablestudies have shown variable results on the association of SCH with MetS as well as individual components of MetS. We aimed to study the associationof SCH with MetS and its individual components of MetS.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in individuals volunteered for health checkup at tertiary care teaching hospital in Western India.About 60 cases with MetS and 120 controls without having MetS were recruited. Demographic data such as history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension,dyslipidemia, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference and serum T3, serum T4, thyroid stimulating hormone, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipidprofile, and hemoglobin A1c were collected and statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS sav software packages. Chi-squaretest was used for the comparison of qualitative data.Results: SCH was present in 52 (28.9%) among 180 study participants. SCH was present in 35 (58.33%) participants having MetS and in 17 (14.16%)of controls. There was a strong association between SCH and MetS (p<0.001). Significant association of SCH with diastolic BP (p=0.017) and withcentral obesity (p=0.004) was observed but not with high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, hyperglycemia, systolic BP, total cholesterol, and lowdensitylipoprotein.Conclusion: We observed a strong association of SCH with MetS. We also observed significant association of SCH with diastolic BP and with obesity.The finding of this study indicates the need to screen individuals with MetS for SCH.Keywords: Central obesity, Diastolic blood pressure, Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypertension, Cardiovascular morbidity, Inflammation, Insulin resistance,Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein.Â

Minimizing the Cost of Team Exploration

A group of mobile agents is given a task to explore an edge-weighted graph $G$, i.e., every vertex of $G$ has to be visited by at least one agent. There is no centralized unit to coordinate their actions, but they can freely communicate with each other. The goal is to construct a deterministic strategy which allows agents to complete their task optimally. In this paper we are interested in a cost-optimal strategy, where the cost is understood as the total distance traversed by agents coupled with the cost of invoking them. Two graph classes are analyzed, rings and trees, in the off-line and on-line setting, i.e., when a structure of a graph is known and not known to agents in advance. We present algorithms that compute the optimal solutions for a given ring and tree of order $n$, in $O(n)$ time units. For rings in the on-line setting, we give the $2$-competitive algorithm and prove the lower bound of $3/2$ for the competitive ratio for any on-line strategy. For every strategy for trees in the on-line setting, we prove the competitive ratio to be no less than $2$, which can be achieved by the $DFS$ algorithm.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, 5 pseudo-code

Long-COVID versus adverse event following COVID vaccination among students and staff of tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Long COVID is an important public health concern requiring proper defining, quantifying and describing following SARS-CoV infection with differentiation from adverse events due to COVID vaccination. So, this study was planned to analyze adverse effect of COVID19 vaccination or drug for COVID treatment versus consequences of COVID19 infection. Methods: Self-reported data was collected through questionnaire-based survey by voluntary participation of healthcare staff. Percentage of participant developing various events was analyzed by enlisting sign, symptom, co-morbidity and medication history. Association between COVID-19 infection with number of doses of COVID-19 vaccine taken was analyzed by Chi Square Test with p value <0.05. Association between presence of specific sign, symptom after COVID infection or side effect after COVID vaccination was analyzed by Chi-Square Test with p value <0.05.  Results: Overall total 985 (59.58%) participants were analyzed and among them maximum number of participants (60.30%) reported as COVID-19 positive during the third wave with history of diagnosed COVID positive twice (57.87%). Participants with presence of co-morbidity were more likely to develop symptoms (p<0.001). On analysis, fever, body ache, headache, sore throat and fatigue were significantly more likely to develop after COVID infection as compared to after COVID vaccination (p<0.001).  Conclusions: This study by exploratory survey highlights heterogeneity of Long COVID sign or symptom that’s seen predominantly in person with co-morbidity and a few of them were mimicking adverse events after COVID vaccinations