BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY AGAINST SELECTIVE PATHOGENS

Objective: The present study was aimed to screen silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using different plant extracts and also to study their antimicrobial property against different human pathogens.Methods: Nine different plants, namely Parthenium hispidum, Vinga rose, Catheranthus roseus, Phyllanthus amarus, Azadirachta indica, Jatropa curcas, Tectona grandis, Ocimum sanctum, and Peltophorum pterocarpum were screened for the synthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs were synthesized using leaf extracts and was well characterized using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential measurement. The AgNPs was tested for their antibacterial and antifungal efficacy using agar well diffusion method.Results: Among the nine different plant extracts screened, AgNPs synthesized using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf extract showed good stability even after one month with maximum absorption spectra of 425 nm. The synthesized AgNPs was found to be spherical in shape with an average size ranging from 20 to 60 nm. The EDX spectrum reveals the presence of silver peaks and the XRD spectrum confirms the crystalline nature of AgNPs. A Maximum zone of inhibition of 18.04±0.74 was found when the synthesized AgNPs was tested against B. subtilis, and 12.34±0.31 against A. niger when the concentration was AgNPs was maintained at 100 µg/ml.Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the AgNPs synthesized using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf extracts is found to be stable and possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against different tested pathogens

Electricity generation from bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae bacterium using microbial fuel cell -an alternative source of energy and its use application

Abstract Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are devices that use bacteria to generate electricity from organic matter. In this study, the sewage waste was screened for pure cultures. Among the 10 isolated pure cultures, 2 showed best results (Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae bacterium GP1). These were used in immobilized form as well to measure their electrochemical potential. These organisms are capable of transferring electrons to the anodic electrode of an MFC to generate an electric current. Further insights in to the anode reduction by these bio-film forming bacteria were gained through voltmeter. The redox, metabolites produced which varies with the different concentrations of ammonium and nitrogen sources was optimized. The power output was measured and compared among the organisms. 16s rRNA sequencing was done for the best strain after comparison. The bio-film formed on the anode for studied using scanning electron microscope

Synthetic dye decolourization by white rot fungi

1076-1087<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Synthetic dyes are integral part of many industrial products. The effluents generated from textile dyeing units create major environmental problems and issues both in public and textile units. Industrial wastewater treatment is one of the major problems in the present scenario. Though, the physical and chemical methods offer some solutions to the problems, it is not affordable by the unit operators. Biological degradation is recognized as the most effective method for degrading the dye present in the waste. Research over a period of two decades had provided insight into the various aspects of biological degradation of dyes. <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";color:black;="" mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">It is observed that the white rot fungi have a non-specific enzyme system, which oxidizes the recalcitrant dyes. Detailed and extensive studies have been made and process developed for treatment of dye containing wastewaters by white rot fungi and their enzyme systems. An attempt is made to summarize the detailed research contributions on these lines.</span

Marine photosynthetic bacteria from southeast coast of India

61-62Eighty isolates of marine photosynthetic bacteria belonging to Rhodospirillaceae, Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae were isolated from seawater, marine sediments, decaying macroalgae and sea grass samples, collected from 8 stations along the southeast coast of India and ecological significance of these forms was discussed

<span style="font-size: 21.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Xylanase production by <i>Ganoderma lucidum </i>on liquid and solid state fermentation </span>

620-626<span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">Ganoderma lucidum , <span style="font-size: 14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" arial","sans-serif";="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">a white rot fungus, was exploited for its potentials to produce xylanase employing shake and solid-state culture conditions. Different culture conditions such as pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen requirements for its growth and production of xylanuse were optimized. The culture media pH 6.0-7.0 and temperatures 30°-35°C significantly promoted the growth as well as xylanase secretion into the media. Xylan and peptone were found to be the suitable carbon and nitrogen sources. Among the different agrowastes used, wheat bran was found to be the best substrate for the test fungus for the production of xylanase than sugarcane bagasse and rice bran in solid-state fermentation.</span

Influence of culture parameters on paper mill effluent decolourization by a white rot fungus <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>

385-389Efficacy of a white rot fungus G.lucidum for reduction of colour of paper mill effluent under various growth conditions was evaluated. G. lucidum cultured in IBME medium supported maximum colour reduction on 18th day of fungal growth. The optimization of growth parameters further improved colour reduction. The 18 day old culture at 4 g/l inoculum concentration resulted in maximum decolourization (89%) of the effluent with pH adjusted to 6.5 at 35°C along with maximum reduction in biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Relative contribution of lignin peroxidase and laccase to the decolourization of paper mill effluent by G. lucidum was also observed