Histopathological prognostic factor comparison of endometrial cancer patients in a tertiary hospital in India

Background: The objective of this study was to describe the histopathological features of patients with endometrial cancer in a tertiary hospital in South India.Methods: This retrospective study included cases diagnosed and operated in a tertiary hospital in the period of 3 years. Histopathological data was retrieved from records and analyzed. The study included both endometrial biopsy and post hysterectomy specimens of which prognostic factor comparison was performed on the latter following TNM and FIGO staging systems.Results: The sample consisted of 43 patients which includes 28 resected and 15 biopsy specimens. Age ranged from a minimum of 27 years to a maximum of 75 years (Mean around 52 years). Endometrioid adenocarcinoma was the predominant histological subtype (80 – 85%), while other types included papillary serous adenocarcinoma, stromal sarcoma and malignant mixed mullerian tumour (MMMST). Grade I tumours were 19 in number constituting 79.16% and stage IB tumours were the commonest. Pelvic nodal involvement, lymphatic invasion and recurrence were individually noted in one patient each.Conclusions: This study highlights the prognostic characteristics of endometrial cancer patients with most of them presenting in early stages thereby having a good prognostic outcome

Video Compression with Wavelet Transform Using WBM Method and SPIHT Algorithm

ABSTRACT: Now a day video processing became very popular on the contrary video content require very large storage area. To the benefit of reduce storage area we need to remove redundant data. In this practice we need to estimate the motion vectors to preserve quality. Motion vector estimation is the heart of the video processing. Conversely the mechanism of motion vector estimation normally suffers from the problems such as ambiguities of motion trajectory and illumination variances. In this paper we presents a new approach using Wavelet domain Block Matching (WBM) method and Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm for video compression. And measured performance using parameters like mean squared error (MSE), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), compression ratio and structural similarity index (SSIM)

Histopathological Prognostic Factors In Carcinoma Breast - An Indian Institutional Experience

Objective: Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer are now widely used to predict biological behavior of cancer and to plan its effective management. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the reports from our histopathology laboratory spanning over a period of 2 years. The aim of this descriptive study was to see the various histopathological features of breast cancer in order to know the pattern of disease in recent time in India. Methods: The pathology reports of primary carcinoma of the breast diagnosed in our laboratory from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2012 (2 year period) were reviewed for details on tumor size, histological type and grade, presence or absence of tumor emboli in vascular channels and lymph node status. Results: Total of 174 patients was included in the study. The mean age of presentation was 47.84 years. In 86 cases the lump was palpable in the upper lateral quadrant, followed by 52 cases in the upper medial quadrant. Duct cell carcinoma was the most common histological subtype (148 cases) accounting for 85% of the cases. Mucinous carcinoma was the second most common, occurring in 7 cases (4%). 81.61 % of tumours were grade II. Highest number of tumours were detected in the T2 stage i.e with size varying between 2 – 5 cms (67.24%). In decreasing frequency T3 > T1 > T4 stage tumours were observed. More number of cases in our study population belonged to either N0 category or N1 category. 90 cases had lymphovascular invasion in our study accounting for 51.72%. Conclusion: Our study puts forth the trends in histopathological prognostic factors in primary carcinoma breast in India

A Pathologist’s perspective of penile carcinoma – an institutional study at Indian Red Cross Hospital, Nellore

Background: Penile cancer is an unusual malignancy with higher incidence rates in developing countries like India when compared to the Western world. Incidence varies from 0.7-2.3 cases per 100,000 men in urban India and 3 cases per 100,000 men in rural India. In spite of its rarity, it forms a suitable medical model for theranostics. Given this relevance we put forward our departmental experience in a rural Indian setup. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective three year study of penile SCC patients managed in Indian Red Cross Cancer Hospital, India. Data was compared with similar studies across the world. Results: 23 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of penis during the period of study. We witnessed in this study that a relatively younger age of presentation and early stages prevailing. Higher percentage of involvement of prepuce and body was also noted. Conclusion: Consideration of prognostic histopathological factors may help to tailor appropriate management in this infrequent malignancy

Comparison of pre operative fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of salivary gland tumours

Objective: FNAC is a useful method for evaluating suspicious salivary gland lesions due to its low cost, minimum morbidity, rapid turnaround time, high specificity, and sensitivity. The present study was undertaken to diagnose salivary gland tumors based on the cytomorphology and to correlate with histopathology wherever available and to review the histologic and cytomorphological features in discordant cases and evaluate the possible reasons of misinterpretation. Methods: The study was both prospective and retrospective. All the cases of salivary gland tumors that had fine needle aspiration cytology reports were taken from records of Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences. This study was done between January 2000 to May 2008. Results: A total of 135 cases of salivary gland neoplasms were identified during 8 1/2 period of our study. 1. Histologic correlation was available for 36 cases 2. There is a concordance between cytology and histopathology in 31/36 cases (86.1%). In three cases (8.3%) diagnostic possibilities were given. 94.1% of pleomorphic adenoma cases had concordance (16/17). 3. The number of discordant cases were 5/36 (13.9%) and the discordance was due to scant cellularity and rarity of the lesions. Majority of the cases 4(80%) it was underdiagnosis and in one case (20%) it was over diagnosis. Conclusion: FNAC is a highly reliable technique for pre-operative diagnosis of salivary gland tumors in the hands of experienced pathologists. However, there still remain few cases that may be inaccurately diagnosed on cytology due to overlapping features and in these cases histopathology is the only modality for final diagnosis

Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast – A rare entity

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare tumour classified as one of the metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. It is a tumour of elderly age group with an incidence of less than 0.1% of all ductal carcinomas. Clinical and biological characteristics of this tumour still remain obscure. The prognosis of this type of breast cancer remains a subject of controversy. We report one such case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast with review of literature

The Importance of E-Learning in Present Day Education

ABSTRACT- The potentials of e-learning are likely to be explored for many years to come in view of some of its obvious logistical benefits for learners and apparent financial incentives for institutions. One would hope that such exploration of teaching practice would have a parallel research program to investigate the nature and effects of dialogue and communities of enquiry in e-learning in higher education. The common sense approach to this issue is to compare outcomes of e-learning with those of classroom learning, but this approach has proven to be too simplistic to satisfy those attempting to understand the characteristics and potential of e-learning

Cytotoxic and microbial studies of mixed metal complexes

Breast cancer and its treatment have become a prominent and challenging problem today. The increasing multidrug resistance to microbial pathogens is the root cause of breast cancer. Women suffering from cancer showed high levels of E. coli and S. aureus. In the last few decades, there has been a considerable need in the medical field for the discovery of new compounds endowed with antimicrobial activity, despite the fact that several antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs are currently accessible. Substantial research was conducted, particularly on transition complexes as metal-based drugs in pharmacological applications to provide therapeutic options. The synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxic activity of copper complexes with specific ligands of amino acids such as tyrosine and arginine are discussed in this work