Generation of neutral atomic beams utilizing photodetachment by high power diode laser stacks

We demonstrate the use of high power diode laser stacks to photodetach fast hydrogen and carbon anions and produce ground term neutral atomic beams. We achieve photodetachment efficiencies of $\sim$7.4\% for H$^-$ at a beam energy of 10\,keV and $\sim$3.7\% for C$^-$ at 28\,keV. The diode laser systems used here operate at 975\,nm and 808\,nm, respectively, and provide high continuous power levels of up to 2\,kW, without the need of additional enhancements like optical cavities. The alignment of the beams is straightforward and operation at constant power levels is very stable, while maintenance is minimal. We present a dedicated photodetachment setup that is suitable to efficiently neutralize the majority of stable negative ions in the periodic table

Changes in plant growth, leaf relative water content and physiological traits in response to salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

Salinity is the main environmental factor accountable for decreasing crop productivity worldwide. The effects of NaCl salinity on plant growth (leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf dry weight (LDW), shoot length (SL), number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB) and total leaf area (TLA) and physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (TR), net photosynthetic (Pn), yield of photosystem II (OPsII) and the intercellular CO2 concentration (CO2int) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties (‘Vanda', ‘P244601' and ‘Pl184948', widely used in Cameroon, Tanzania and Ghana, respectively, were investigated under hydroponic condition. Plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) at early seedling growth stage of plant development. Application of NaCl treatment led to a significant decrease in LDW, SL, NL, TLA, Pn, gs, TR and CO2int concentration of ‘Vanda' and ‘P244601' compared to untreated plants while the plant growth inhibition was notably noted at 120 mM NaCl in ‘P1184948' for LDW, SL and NB. The highest depressive effect was detected in gs of salt-sensitive ‘Vanda' while the lowest were recorded in gs of salt-tolerant ‘P1184948' at high salinity level. Enhanced NaCl concentrations led to a significant increase in OPSII of ‘P1184948' compared to ‘Vanda', ‘P244601' and untreated plants. Leaf CHL content was significantly increased in moderately-tolerant ‘‘P244601' and salt-tolerant ‘P1184948' at 80 mM NaCl compared to salt sensitive ‘Vanda' and untreated plants. The depressive effect of salt on RWC was recorded at 120 mM NaCl in peanut leaves of all varieties. Under salt stress ‘P1184948‘ was observed to have relatively higher tolerance on average of all growth and physiological traits than ‘Vanda’ and P244601' suggesting that it could be grown in salt-affected soils

Электроснабжение установки перекачки нефти п. Пионерный ОАО «Томскнефть»

РЕФЕРАТ Выпускная квалификационная работа 149 с., 23 рис., 32 табл., 29 источников, 6 прил. Ключевые слова: нефтепровод, насос, электрооборудование, схема электроснабжения, линия, сеть, электроприемник, нагрузка, оборудование, защита, ток, напряжение, мощность. Объектом исследования является электрическая часть УПН п. Пионерный ОАО «Томскенефть». Цель работы – проектирование схемы электроснабжения предприятия, выбор оборудования. В процессе исследования проводился сбор исходных данных в ходе производственной практики на объекте исследования. В результате была спроектирована схема электроснабжения от подстанции энергосистемы, до конечного электроприемника. Были выбраны кабели и провода, коммутационное оборудование, были сделаны необходимые проверки. Также результатом работы сталESSAY Final qualifying work 149 p., 23 fig., 32 tab., 29 sources, 6 adj. Keywords: oil, pump, electrical equipment, power supply circuit, line, network, power-consuming equipment, load equipment, protection, current, voltage, power. The object of research is the electrical part of UPN claim. Pionerny of "Tomskeneft". The purpose of work - designing enterprise power scheme, the choice of equipment. The study was conducted to collect baseline data in the course of practical training on the subject of the study. As a result, power supply circuit has been designed from the substation grid, appliance, to the end. Were selected cables and wires, switching equipment, the necessary checks have been made. It is also the result of the work became an economic calculation of capital costs for the con

Functional-structural modelling of faba bean

Crop models such as CERES and CropSyst treat canopies as homogeneous entities without attempting to define canopy geometry, other than through row structure, nor deal with growth processes at time steps shorter than one day. A functional-structural modelling approach can improve canopy simulation, in particular of indeterminate crops such as faba bean. A major challenge is to incorporate the plasticity of the canopy. Functional-structural models can accomplish this by introducing variation in several ways and at different levels of canopy composition. ALAMEDA is a functional-structural model of a faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop that addresses these issues. An L-system provides the basic conceptual and program structure within which functional relationships can be connected. In this way it plays a comparable role to physical plant structure that provides the linkage between morphology and physiological processes spatially distributed over plant components. In accordance with results of previous studies with faba bean, the stem was selected as the main building module. An associated growth model is linked to calculate the lengths of the vegetative organs, and leaf allometries are used to compute leaf area. ALAMEDA is currently being extended by including a model of radiation interception and functions from classic models, for example, the variation of specific leaf area with temperature as specified in CROPGRO-legume