1,379 research outputs found
Can WIMP Dark Matter overcome the Nightmare Scenario?
Even if new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) indeed exists, the energy
scale of new physics might be beyond the reach at the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) and the LHC could find only the Higgs boson but nothing else. This is the
so-called "nightmare scenario". On the other hand, the existence of the dark
matter has been established from various observations. One of the promising
candidates for thermal relic dark matter is a stable and electric
charge-neutral Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) with the mass below
the TeV scale. In the nightmare scenario, we introduce a WIMP dark matter
singlet under the SM gauge group, which only couples to the Higgs doublet at
the lowest order, and investigate a possibility that such WIMP dark matter can
be a clue to overcome the nightmare scenario via various phenomenological tests
such as the dark matter relic abundance, the direct detection experiments for
the dark matter particle, and the production of the dark matter particle at the
LHC.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
A mass conserved reaction-diffusion system captures properties of cell polarity
Various molecules exclusively accumulate at the front or back of migrating
eukaryotic cells in response to a shallow gradient of extracellular signals.
Directional sensing and signal amplification highlight the essential properties
in the migrating cells, known as cell polarity. In addition to these, such
properties of cell polarity involve unique determination of migrating direction
(uniqueness of axis) and localized gradient sensing at the front edge
(localization of sensitivity), both of which may be required for smooth
migration. Here we provide the mass conservation system based on the
reaction-diffusion system with two components, where the mass of the two
components is always conserved. Using two models belonging to this mass
conservation system, we demonstrate through both numerical simulation and
analytical approximations that the spatial pattern with a single peak
(uniqueness of axis) can be generally observed and that the existent peak
senses a gradient of parameters at the peak position, which guides the movement
of the peak. We extended this system with multiple components, and we developed
a multiple-component model in which cross-talk between members of the Rho
family of small GTPases is involved. This model also exhibits the essential
properties of the two models with two components. Thus, the mass conservation
system shows properties similar to those of cell polarity, such as uniqueness
of axis and localization of sensitivity, in addition to directional sensing and
signal amplification.Comment: PDF onl
First-principles study on scanning tunneling microscopy images of hydrogen-terminated Si(110) surfaces
Scanning tunneling microscopy images of hydrogen-terminated Si(110) surfaces
are studied using first-principles calculations. Our results show that the
calculated filled-state images and local density of states are consistent with
recent experimental results, and the empty-state images appear significantly
different from the filled-state ones. To elucidate the origin of this
difference, we examined in detail the local density of states, which affects
the images, and found that the bonding and antibonding states of surface
silicon atoms largely affect the difference between the filled- and empty-state
images.Comment: 4 pages, and 4 figure
Enrichment of the r-process Element Europium in the Galactic Halo
We investigate the enrichment of europium, as a representative of r-process
elements, in the Galactic halo. In present chemical evolution models, stars are
assumed to be formed through shock processes by supernovae (SNe). The
enrichment of the interstellar medium is calculated by a one-zone approach. The
observed large dispersions in [Eu/Fe] for halo stars, converging with
increasing metallicity, can be explained with our models. In addition, the mass
range of SNe for the {\it r}-process site is constrained to be either stars of
or .Comment: 5 pages (including 4 figures), LaTeX, uses aas2pp4.sty, accepted to
ApJ
Limit structure of Future Null Infinity tangent -topology of the event horizon and gravitational wave tail-
We investigated the relation between the behavior of gravitational wave at
late time and the limit structure of future null infinity tangent which will
determine the topology of the event horizon far in the future. In the present
article, we mainly consider a spacetime with two black holes. Although in most
of cases, the black holes coalesce and its event horizon is topologically a
single sphere far in the future, there are several possibilities that the black
holes never coalesce and such exact solutions as examples. In our formulation,
the tangent vector of future null infinity is, under conformal embedding,
related to the number of black holes far in the future through the
Poincar\'e-Hopf's theorem. Under the conformal embedding, the topology of event
horizon far in the future will be affected by the geometrical structure of the
future null infinity. In this article, we related the behavior of Weyl
curvature to this limit behavior of the generator vector of the future null
infinity. We show if Weyl curvature decays sufficiently slowly at late time in
the neighborhood of future null infinity, two black holes never coalesce.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Class. Quant. Gra
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