Study on association of serum lipoprotein(a) with coronary artery disease

Background: Most studies of lipid-lowering therapy for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CAD), focused on lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol. Other dyslipidemias, such as an elevated level of lipoprotein(a), also may promote atherosclerosis, establishment of relationship between lipoprotein(a) excess and risk for CAD, interventions directed toward altering these have only infrequently been evaluated in clinical trials. Objectives was to study the association of raised serum lipoprotein(a) in coronary heart disease.Methods: This study was conducted in 50 patients of CAD and 50 people as control group. All patients underwent a standard clinical examination and a blood draw for a lipid profile and lipoprotein(a) assay. Pearson chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance.Results: Lipoprotein(a) value of more than 30 mg/dl is considered as elevated. In case group 19 patients (38%) were showed elevated lipoprotein(a) and in control group these were 9 patients (18%). p value is 0.026. It shows elevated lipoprotein(a) is statistically significant with the relative risk of 2.79.Conclusions: The association of elevated lipoprotein(a) with CAD was statistically significant. Higher lipoprotein(a) levels were observed in patient with family history of premature CAD

Flow Secure Message in Parity Matrix

The goal of security is confidential ,integrity and availability to decrypt the messages.In recent years,many researchers has said about how to secure high-value data on hard disk.proposed system explains about the high grade cryptosystem one which even an attacker possessing both a copy of your encryption engine and knowledge of your operation. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15014

Toronto extremity salvage score-patient reported outcome measures in upper extremity bone tumors treated with limb salvage surgery

Bone and soft tissue tumors of upper extremity are relatively uncommon than those of lower limb. Treating these patients while retaining a functional limb is quite a challenge. Along with musculoskeletal tumor society score, Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) is most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for sarcomas of upper extremity. Retrospective analysis of patients with upper extremity bone tumors (24) treated with limb salvage surgery (20) from 2014 to 2022 was undertaken.  Mean follow-up period was 26 months and mean age was 30.2 years. Out of 20, 11 humerus cases were of tumors arising from humerus, 5 in radius and 3 in ulna. 9 patients were treated with custom mega prosthesis reconstruction, 6 with fibular free flap, 6 radius underwent simple resection and 1 curettage. Majority of the cases were giant cell tumors (8) followed by osteosarcoma (3), fibromatosis (3), aneurysmal bone cyst (2), simple bone cyst (2), 1 Ewing sarcoma and 1 metastatic bone disease. The mean TESS score of the sample population was 69.7 Most of the patients (11) rated their disability to be of moderate degree and considered themselves to be moderately disabled. The mean TESS score for CMP group was 71.1, while that of autograft reconstruction was 68.3. Despite only half the population having received CMP as a reconstructive option, nearly 40% patients with disease of forearm where the results are not so great, our study population reported a reasonably good patient reported outcome score. A dedicated physiotherapy team with tailor made exercise protocol for each patient depending on their needs can help in improving the quality of life

Ewing sarcoma: a tumor with an uncanny predilection for uncommon sites

Ewing sarcoma is one of the most common bone tumors diagnosed in pediatric age group second only to osteosarcoma. The tumor is known to involve most commonly pelvic bones and long bones while extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma accounts for 15%. Ewing sarcoma of other sites like scapula, clavicle, hands, and feet are quite rare, accounting for only 3-5%. To determine the epidemiological profile of Ewing sarcoma of unusual sites treated in our department including age at diagnosis, site of origin and mode of management along with survival data. Details of Ewing sarcoma patients reported our department in last 9 years were collected and data was analysed. We report a total of 20 cases of Ewing sarcoma in last 9 years with 4 (20%) extra skeletal Ewing sarcoma arising from soft tissues of extremities and 30% from rare sites (3 scapula, 1 clavicle, 1 phalanx, 1 calcaneum). All patients were operated after 4-7 cycles of chemotherapy with 66% limb salvage rate. With an average necrosis of 40%, with a median follow up of 36 months, the overall survival of the group was found to be 77.7%. Ewing sarcoma is one of the rare tumors of bone and soft tissue with the predilection for unusual sites, with reasonable survival outcomes in localized disease. Though scapula, clavicle, hands and feet are rare sites for Ewing sarcoma, they accounted for 30% in our department, possibly because of the referral patterns

Mg II Absorption Systems in SDSS QSO Spectra

We present the results of a MgII absorption-line survey using QSO spectra from the SDSS EDR. Over 1,300 doublets with rest equivalent widths greater than 0.3\AA and redshifts $0.366 \le z \le 2.269$ were identified and measured. We find that the $\lambda2796$ rest equivalent width ($W_0^{\lambda2796}$) distribution is described very well by an exponential function $\partial N/\partial W_0^{\lambda2796} = \frac{N^*}{W^*} e^{-\frac{W_0}{W^*}}$, with $N^*=1.187\pm0.052$ and $W^*=0.702\pm0.017$\AA. Previously reported power law fits drastically over-predict the number of strong lines. Extrapolating our exponential fit under-predicts the number of $W_0 \le 0.3$\AA systems, indicating a transition in $dN/dW_0$ near $W_0 \simeq 0.3$\AA. A combination of two exponentials reproduces the observed distribution well, suggesting that MgII absorbers are the superposition of at least two physically distinct populations of absorbing clouds. We also derive a new redshift parameterization for the number density of $W_0^{\lambda2796} \ge 0.3$\AA lines: $N^*=1.001\pm0.132(1+z)^{0.226\pm0.170}$ and $W^*=0.443\pm0.032(1+z)^{0.634\pm 0.097}$\AA. We find that the distribution steepens with decreasing redshift, with $W^*$ decreasing from $0.80\pm0.04$\AA at $z=1.6$ to $0.59\pm0.02$\AA at $z=0.7$. The incidence of moderately strong MgII $\lambda2796$ lines does not show evidence for evolution with redshift. However, lines stronger than $\approx 2$\AA show a decrease relative to the no-evolution prediction with decreasing redshift for $z \lesssim 1$. The evolution is stronger for increasingly stronger lines. Since $W_0$ in saturated absorption lines is an indicator of the velocity spread of the absorbing clouds, we interpret this as an evolution in the kinematic properties of galaxies from moderate to low z.Comment: 50 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

What can the SNO Neutral Current Rate teach us about the Solar Neutrino Anomaly

We investigate how the anticipated neutral current rate from $SNO$ will sharpen our understanding of the solar neutrino anomaly. Quantitative analyses are performed with representative values of this rate in the expected range of $0.8 - 1.2$. This would provide a $5 - 10 \sigma$ signal for $\nu_e$ transition into a state containing an active neutrino component. Assuming this state to be purely active one can estimate both the $^8B$ neutrino flux and the $\nu_e$ survival probability to a much higher precision than currently possible. Finally the measured value of the $NC$ rate will have profound implications for the mass and mixing parameters of the solar neutrino oscillation solution.Comment: Brief discussion on the first NC result from SNO added; final version to be published in the MPL

Study of fetal doppler velocimetry versus non stress test as predictors of adverse perinatal outcome in high risk pregnancies

Background: Pregnancy is a unique, physiologically normal event in a women’s life. Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the doppler velocimetry versus non stress test in relation to perinatal outcome in high risk pregnancies.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital. 100 women with high risk pregnancy were recruited. All were examined systematically, and Doppler velocimetry and non-stress test were done.Results: All cases were divided into four groups based on NST and doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery. 10% of women had abnormal doppler. Middle cerebral artery doppler abnormality was noted in 3% and CPR abnormality in 3% of women in the study group. 15% had abnormal NST. In Group A, out of 88 patients 9 had fetal compromise. In Group B, out of 5 patients all had fetal compromise. In Group C, out of 4 patients none had fetal compromise. In Group D, all 3 patients had fetal compromise. In Group D, all 3 had neonatal deaths. Average birth weights in Group A was 2.7 kg, in Group B was 2 kg, in Group C was 2.5 kg, in Group D was 1.4 kg. Two (2.2%) newborn in Group A, 4 (80%) newborns in Group B, 3 (100%) in Group had Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes. 4 (4.5%) babies in Group A, 5 (100%) babies in Group B, 3 (100%) babies in Group D were admitted in NICU. Umbilical artery doppler was found to have sensitivity 46.6%, specificity - 94%, PPV - 93%, NPV - 54%. Middle cerebral artery doppler was found to have sensitivity 73.3%, specificity - 90%, PPV - 91.6%, NPV- 69.3%.Conclusions: In present study, highest percentage of perinatal complications and perinatal deaths were seen in groups with abnormal tests of NST and velocimetry. Group D had the worst perinatal outcome

Building a Small and Informative Phylogenetic Supertree

We combine two fundamental, previously studied optimization problems related to the construction of phylogenetic trees called maximum rooted triplets consistency (MAXRTC) and minimally resolved supertree (MINRS) into a new problem, which we call q-maximum rooted triplets consistency (q-MAXRTC). The input to our new problem is a set R of resolved triplets (rooted, binary phylogenetic trees with three leaves each) and the objective is to find a phylogenetic tree with exactly q internal nodes that contains the largest possible number of triplets from R. We first prove that q-MAXRTC is NP-hard even to approximate within a constant ratio for every fixed q >= 2, and then develop various polynomial-time approximation algorithms for different values of q. Next, we show experimentally that representing a phylogenetic tree by one having much fewer nodes typically does not destroy too much triplet branching information. As an extreme example, we show that allowing only nine internal nodes is still sufficient to capture on average 80% of the rooted triplets from some recently published trees, each having between 760 and 3081 internal nodes. Finally, to demonstrate the algorithmic advantage of using trees with few internal nodes, we propose a new algorithm for computing the rooted triplet distance between two phylogenetic trees over a leaf label set of size n that runs in O(q n) time, where q is the number of internal nodes in the smaller tree, and is therefore faster than the currently best algorithms for the problem (with O(n log n) time complexity [SODA 2013, ESA 2017]) whenever q = o(log n)