The Projective Unitary Irreducible Representations of the Poincar\'e Group in 1+2 Dimensions

We give a complete analysis of the projective unitary irreducible representations of the Poincar\'e group in 1+2 dimensions applying Mackey theorem and using an explicit formula for the universal covering group of the Lorentz group in 1+2 dimensions. We provide explicit formulae for all representations.Comment: 22 pages, PLAIN-TE

Towards evaluation design for smart city development

Smart city developments integrate digital, human, and physical systems in the built environment. With growing urbanization and widespread developments, identifying suitable evaluation methodologies is important. Case-study research across five UK cities - Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Milton Keynes and Peterborough - revealed that city evaluation approaches were principally project-focused with city-level evaluation plans at early stages. Key challenges centred on selecting suitable evaluation methodologies to evidence urban value and outcomes, addressing city authority requirements. Recommendations for evaluation design draw on urban studies and measurement frameworks, capitalizing on big data opportunities and developing appropriate, valid, credible integrative approaches across projects, programmes and city-level developments

Phosphorylation of survivin at threonine 34 inhibits its mitotic function and enhances its cytoprotective activity

Survivin is an essential chromosomal passenger protein required for mitotic progression. It is also an inhibitor of apoptosis and can prevent caspase-mediated cell death. In addition, survivin levels are elevated in cancer cells where its presence correlates with increased resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy, which makes it an attractive target for novel anti-cancer strategies. Interestingly, survivin is phosphorylated by the mitotic kinase, cdk1, and a non-phosphorylatable form, survivin(T34A), cannot inhibit apoptosis. Here we rigorously test the ability of survivin(T34A) and its corresponding phosphomimetic, survivin(T34E), to promote cell viability through survivin's dual roles. The effects of these mutations are diametrically opposed: survivin(T34A) accelerates cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis, whereas survivin(T34E) retards growth and promotes survival. Thus the phosphorylation status of survivin at T34 is pivotal to a cell's decision to live or die

Farm Size and Land Use Changes in Vietnam Following Land Reforms

Over the last decade the Vietnamese government has instigated land reforms that recognise the household as the basic unit of production and allocate land use rights to households. Under the 1993 Land Law these rights can be transferred, exchanged, leased, inherited, and mortgaged. This Land Law provided the foundation for the development of a market for land use rights. During 2001, 400 farm households were surveyed in four provinces in Vietnam. Along with production and consumption data, evidence was sought of land accumulation and consolidation, land use changes, and attitudes to land reform issues. Analysis of the data shows that there is an active market for land use rights, but the level of activity varies considerably between provinces. Some individual households have acquired a large percentage of their land through buying or renting activities, as distinct from land that has been allocated or inherited. A more active market appears to be associated with opportunities for land use changes which lead to more profitable production activities. Lack of available land and in some cases labour, inadequate credit access, and reluctance to sell land use rights are identified as constraints to the land use right market, rather than transaction costs and the limit on land holdings.agricultural policy, land reform, land market, Vietnam, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,

Agricultural extension policy in Australia: the good, the bad, and the misguided

In most states of Australia, agricultural extension policies and practices have increasingly been based on considerations of private/public goods, user pays and cost recovery. In addition, the delivery of extension has been strongly influenced by changing administrative structures and a change in the paradigm within which the extension community operates. These changes have had major impacts, including more extension being delivered by the private sector. There are positive aspects to the changes and, for some issues, they are appropriate. However, we have a number of reservations, particularly about the effectiveness of current extension systems in assisting the adoption of complex environmental and farming system technologies.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Development and field-installation of a mathematical simulation model in support of irrigation canal management

Mathematical models / Simulation models / Flow / Hydraulics / Irrigation canals / Decision making / Research / Sri Lanka / Kirindi Oya