Grape yield and must composition of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapevines with organic compost and urea fertilization.

Urea and organic compost are applied as a nitrogen (N) source in vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, total N content in the leaves and the must composition in grapevines with the application of organic compost and urea. ?Cabernet Sauvignon? grapevines, in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 crop seasons were subjected to the application of 40 kg N ha-1 in the form of organic compost and urea; but there were also unfertilized grapevines. In both crop seasons, leaves were collected at the stages of full flowering and at the change in color of the berries, and the total N content were analyzed; grape yield was evaluated and enological attributes were determined in the must. The application of organic compost and urea did not affect the N content in the leaf nor the grape yield in the second crop season evaluated. However, in the first crop season, grape yield was greater in the grapevines with application of organic compost to the soil. The addition of N sources did not affect the total nutrient content in the must but, in the second crop season, the grape must from the grapevines with the addition of organic compost had a lower soluble solids concentration and a higher total acidity value, as well as tartaric and malic acid values. KEYWORDS: nitrogen, leaf analysis, Vitis vinifera L

Do cover crops compete with young grapevines for fertilizer nitrogen?

Vineyard soils of the Campanha Gaúcha region of Rio Grande do Sul are sandy and have low to medium organic matter content, displaying low natural ability to supply nitrogen (N). Therefore, maintenance of cover crops is essential or the protection of the soil surface from the impact of raindrops and water erosion. The application of nitrogen fertilizers is also necessary. However, cover crops can absorb part of the nitrogen applied in the soil, decreasing the availability to young vines, which may slow the growth of root and shoot, and thus, the beginning of grape production

Use of phosphorus fertilization and mycorrhization as strategies for reducingcopper toxicity in young grapevines.

Established vineyard soils may have high copper (Cu) contents due to the ongoing foliar applications of copper-based fungicides. In viticulture, the replacement of old vineyards with new vines is common practice, however,limited by Cu excess in soil and its toxicity to young grapevines. The application of phosphorus (P) and ar-buscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation are potential strategies to reduce Cu toxicity to young grapevines.This study aimed to assess the effects of phosphorus fertilization and AMF (Rhizophagus clarus) inoculation ongrowth and physiological parameters of young grapevines grown in soil with high Cu content. The experimentwas conducted in a greenhouse, where natural grassland soil was artificially contaminated by the addition of60 mg kg−1Cu. The soils were treated with and without AMF inoculation, combined with additions of 0, 40 and100 mg P kg−1. After 90 days of cultivation, grapevine plants were assessed for chlorophyllafluorescence,photosynthetic pigment contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, plant height, plant biomass, and con-centrations of Cu and P in roots and shoots. Phosphorus fertilization promoted increases in seedling growth(related to the increase of total P concentration in roots and shoots), soluble Pi concentration in leaves, and thequantum yield of the PSII (YII) (associated with a reduction in shoot Cu concentration). The AMF inoculationincreased the concentration of P in roots and shoots, soluble Pi in leaves and electron transport rate (ETR).Phosphorus fertilization and inoculation of grapevines with AMF are strategies capable of reducing Cu toxicity inyoung grapevines

Fertirrigação e lixiviação de nitrogênio em solo arenoso de vinhedo.

XV Congresso Latino-Americano de Viticultura e Enologia E XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Viticultura e Enologia. Bento Gonçalves-RS, 3 a 7 de Novembro de 2015

Composição do mosto de videiras submetidas a modos de fornecimento de nitrogênio em solo arenoso.

XV Congresso Latino-Americano de Viticultura e Enologia E XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Viticultura e Enologia. Bento Gonçalves-RS, 3 a 7 de Novembro de 2015

The Trans-Neptunian Object (84922) 2003 VS2 through Stellar Occultations

We present results from three world-wide campaigns that resulted in the detections of two single-chord and one multi-chord stellar occultations by the plutino object (84922) 2003 VS2. From the single-chord occultations in 2013 and 2014 we obtained accurate astrometric positions for the object, while from the multi-chord occultation on 2014 November 7, we obtained the parameters of the best-fitting ellipse to the limb of the body at the time of occultation. We also obtained short-term photometry data for the body in order to derive its rotational phase during the occultation. The rotational light curve present a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.141 ± 0.009 mag. This allows us to reconstruct the 3D shape of the body, with principal semi-axes of a = 313.8 ± 7.1 km, = - + b 265.5 9.8 8.8 km, and = - + c 247.3 43.6 26.6 km, which is not consistent with a Jacobi triaxial equilibrium figure. The derived spherical volume equivalent diameter of - + 548.3 44.6 29.5 km is about 5% larger than the radiometric diameter of 2003 VS2 derived from Herschel data of 523 ± 35 km, but still compatible with it within error bars. From those results we can also derive the geometric albedo ( - + 0.123 0.014 0.015) and, under the assumption that the object is a Maclaurin spheroid, the density r = - + 1400 300 1000 for the plutino. The disappearances and reappearances of the star during the occultations do not show any compelling evidence for a global atmosphere considering a pressure upper limit of about 1 microbar for a pure nitrogen atmosphere, nor secondary features (e.g., rings or satellite) around the main body.Fil: Benedetti Rossi, Gustavo. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia; BrasilFil: Santos Sanz, P.. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Ortiz, J. L.. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Assafin, M.. Observatório do Valongo; BrasilFil: Sicardy, B.. Sorbonne University; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Morales, N.. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Vieira Martins, R.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia; Brasil. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Duffard, R.. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Braga Ribas, F.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia; Brasil. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; Francia. Universidade Tecnologia Federal do Parana; BrasilFil: Rommel, F. L.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia; BrasilFil: Camargo, J. I. B.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia; BrasilFil: Desmars, J.. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Colas, A. F.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Vachier, F.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Alvarez Candal, A.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Fernández Valenzuela, E.. University of Central Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Almenares, L.. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Artola, R.. Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre; ArgentinaFil: Baum, T. P.. Observatoire Astronomique des Makes; FranciaFil: Behrend, R.. Observatoire de Genève; ItaliaFil: Bérard, D.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: Bianco, F. B.. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos. University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Brosch, N.. Universitat Tel Aviv; IsraelFil: Ceretta, A.. Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos; UruguayFil: Colazo, C. A.. Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre; ArgentinaFil: Gomes Junior, A. R.. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia; Brasil. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Faculdade de Engenharia; BrasilFil: Ivanov, V. D.. Observatorio Europeo del Sur; AlemaniaFil: Jehin, E.. Université de Liège; BélgicaFil: Kaspi, S.. Universitat Tel Aviv; IsraelFil: Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Geofísica y Astronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; Argentin