Evaluation of Best Satellite-Receiver Geometry for Improved IRNSS/GPS Position Accuracy

A GPS-IRNSS combined navigation system is emerging in India. It is possible to increase the accuracy of the receiver or user's position at any time and under any weather conditions with a combined system. It is possible to use these navigation systems for finding the precise location of receivers in civil aviation, precision applications such as surveying, disaster management, and other applications. Usually, satellite navigation systems are based on a geometric relationship between satellite and receiver, with errors caused by atmospheric conditions, multipath, and other factors affecting accuracy. Geometry of satellite receivers is measured by the Dilution of Precision (DOP), a unit less quantity. This paper investigates the possibility possible to obtain better accuracy by combining GPS and IRNSS constellations. This improved accuracy is typically useful for precision applications such as surveying and disaster management

IMPLEMENTING INCURRENCE OF SOPHISTICATED ATTACKS STRATEGY

Particularly, the greater excellent delay is, the higher the cost to acquire incurred. Therefore, a particular attention ought to be paid for stealthy DoS attacks. They goal at minimizing their visibility, and concurrently, they may be as harmful since the brute-pressure attacks. The success within the cloud computing paradigm is a result of its on-demand, self-service, and pay-by-use nature. According to this paradigm, the outcome of Denial and services information (DoS) attacks involve not only the conventional within the shipped service, nonetheless the service maintenance costs with regards to resource consumption. They are sophisticated attacks tailored to leverage the worst-situation performance inside the target system through specific periodic, pulsing, and periodic-rate traffic designs. In this paper, we advise a process for orchestrate stealthy attack designs, which exhibit a progressively-growing-intensity trend designed to really make the utmost financial cost for your cloud customer, while enhancing the job size combined with the service arrival rate enforced while using recognition systems. We describe both simplest approach to make use of the recommended strategy, that's effects over the target system deployed inside the cloud. Therefore, several works have recommended strategies to acknowledge low-rate Websites attacks, which monitor anomalies inside the fluctuation inside the incoming traffic through either a while or frequency-domain analysis

B2-Lymphocyte responses to oxidative stress-derived antigens contribute to the evolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Recent evidence implicates adaptive immunity as a key player in the mechanisms supporting hepatic inflammation during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In these settings, patients with NAFLD often show an increase in the circulating levels of antibodies against oxidative stress-derived epitopes (OSE). Nonetheless, the actual role of humoral immunity in NAFLD is still unclear. This study investigates the contribution of B-lymphocytes to NAFLD evolution. B-lymphocyte immunostaining of liver biopsies from NAFLD patients showed that B-cells were evident within cell aggregates rich in T-lymphocytes. In these subjects, B/T-lymphocyte infiltration positively correlated with both circulating IgG targeting oxidative stress-derived epitopes (OSE) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Furthermore, high prevalence of lymphocyte aggregates identified patients with more severe lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In mouse models of NAFLD, the onset of steatohepatitis was characterized by hepatic B2-lymphocytes maturation to plasma cells and by an elevation in circulating anti-OSE IgG titers. B-cell responses preceded T-cell activation and were accompanied by the up-regulation in the hepatic expression of B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF). Selective B2-cell depletion in mice over-expressing a soluble form of the BAFF/APRIL receptor Transmembrane Activator and Cyclophilin Ligand Interactor (TACI-Ig) prevented plasma cell maturation and Th-1 activation of liver CD4 <sup>+</sup> T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, TACI-Ig mice showed milder steatohepatitis and a decreased progression to fibrosis. Similarly, mice treatment with the BAFF-neutralizing monoclonal antibody Sandy-2 prevented hepatic B2-cell responses and ameliorated steatohepatitis. From these data we conclude that B2-lymphocyte activation is an early event in NAFLD evolution and contributes to the disease progression through the interaction with T-cells. Furthermore, combined clinical and experimental data suggest that elevated circulating anti-OSE IgG can identify a subset of NAFLD patients in whom adaptive immunity has a relevant role in the disease evolution toward fibrosis

Management of Root-Knot Nematode on Okra through Bio-Agents

A pot study was conducted to assess the efficacy of various fungal and bacterial antagonists as seed coating treatments against Meloidogyne javanica, a root-knot nematode that infects  okra plants. The seeds of okra cv. Pusa Sawani were subjected to treatments with Trichoderma viride, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens at a rate of 2 g/kg seed.  As a comparison, Carbosulfan 3G was used as a control, applied at a rate of 3g/kg soil. The  treated seeds were then planted in soil infested with two second-stage juveniles of the root -knot nematode per gram of soil. After 45 days of sowing, it was observed that the okra plants exhibited enhanced growth, while the population of root-knot nematodes was significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared to the untreated control. Among the different bio agents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum exhibited the best treatment followed by Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens for increase plant growth characters as well as reduced nematode reproduction

Impact of the Interaction between Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum on the Okra Plantation

The development of diseases in cultivated crops depends on the complex interrelationship between the host, pathogen, and prevailing environmental conditions. The interaction between the root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was studied for the okra cultivar Pusa Sawani. Sequential and simultaneous inoculation of the nematode and fungus was performed to observe the disease severity in the plants due to the individual and interactive effects of the tested nematode and fungus. The results indicated that plant growth was adversely affected in all cases where the plant was inoculated with M. javanica and F. oxysporum, compared to the uninoculated control. The study clearly showed that nematodes act as predisposing factors in the spread of secondary fungal pathogens

Hepatocyte-Specific Deletion of HIF2α Prevents NASH-Related Liver Carcinogenesis by Decreasing Cancer Cell Proliferation

Background & Aims: Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are involved in chronic liver disease progression. We previously showed that hepatocyte HIF-2α activation contributed significantly to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in experimental animals and human patients. In this study, using an appropriate genetic murine model, we mechanistically investigated the involvement of hepatocyte HIF-2α in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related carcinogenesis. Methods: The role of HIF-2α was investigated by morphologic, cellular, and molecular biology approaches in the following: (1) mice carrying hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-2α (HIF-2α-/- mice) undergoing a NASH-related protocol of hepatocarcinogenesis; (2) HepG2 cells stably transfected to overexpress HIF-2α; and (3) liver specimens from NASH patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: Mice carrying hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-2α (hHIF-2α-/-) showed a significant decrease in the volume and number of liver tumors compared with wild-type littermates. These effects did not involve HIF-1α changes and were associated with a decrease of cell proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki67. In both human and rodent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease–related tumors, HIF-2α levels were strictly associated with hepatocyte production of SerpinB3, a mediator previously shown to stimulate liver cancer cell proliferation through the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP)/c-Myc pathway. Consistently, we observed positive correlations between the transcripts of HIF-2α, YAP, and c-Myc in individual hepatocellular carcinoma tumor masses, while HIF-2α deletion down-modulated c-Myc and YAP expression without affecting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and AKT-dependent signaling. In vitro data confirmed that HIF-2α overexpression induced HepG2 cell proliferation through YAP-mediated mechanisms. Conclusions: These results indicate that the activation of HIF-2α in hepatocytes has a critical role in liver carcinogenesis during NASH progression, suggesting that HIF-2α–blocking agents may serve as novel putative therapeutic tools