Formulation and evaluation of atenolol oro dispersable tablets by co-processed super-disintegration process

Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) is defined as A solid dosage form containing medical substances or active ingredient which disintegrates rapidly usually within a matter of seconds when placed upon the tongue. The aim of the present research is to formulate Atenolol oral disintegrating tablets.Atenolol is ?1- cardio selective adrenergic receptor blocker, widely used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. It works by slowing down the heart and reducing the work load of the heart.Atenolol was specifically developed so as to pass the blood brain barrier and overcome theside effects such as depression and nightmares.It has been reported that atenolol undergo extensive hepatic first pass metabolism following oral administration and has shorter biological half-life of 6 7 hours with oral bioavailability of 50%. The conventional tablets of atenolol are reported to exhibit fluctuations in the plasma drug levels after administration. Atenolol ODTs are prepared by novel co-processed super-disintegration process using Cross Povidone and Cross carmellose sodium, as the super disintegrants. The prepared tablets were characterized for their hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, wetting time, water absorption ratio friability, and in vitro dissolution studies.he ability of the tablet to release the drug faster depends on the concentration and type of super disintegrant. In this study the oral disintegrating tablets containing Cross carmellose sodium and Cross Povidone as the super disintegrant in the ratio of 1:1 shows better release of drug. About 99.5% of the drug was released from the tablets in 6 mins. Therefore, based on the physico chemical properties, in vitro drug release profile and mouth feel formulation F 1 containing 1:1 of Cross carmellose sodium and crospovidone is optimised as the best formulation

Study of prevalence of endocrine abnormalities in primary empty sella

Introduction: Empty sella is usually an incidental finding. Empty sella is an anatomical condition characterized by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid within the sella with a small pituitary gland compressed above the pituitary floor causing endocrine abnormalities. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate hormonal abnormalities associated with empty sella in tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This ongoing study was carried out in patients attending to endocrine out-patient departments from August 2012 to July 2013. A detailed history and examination was done. Hormonal evaluation including free thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone (GH), follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol and prolactin was done. Results: A total of 16 patients diagnosed clinically and biochemically of hormonal abnormalities were found to have empty sella on magnetic resonance imaging. Hypocortisolemia in 62.5% of cases, hypothyroidism in 50% of cases, in 18.75% hypogonadism, hyper prolactinemia in 18.7.5%, GH deficiency in 12.5% of cases and in 12.5% cases posterior pituitary involvement is seen. Conclusion: The high incidence of endocrine abnormalities associated with empty sella necessitates the need for prompt evaluation and early replacement of hormones for better quality-of-life

Preferences of media use by the Rural families regarding adoption of different practices related to social and Economic development

Abstract In this research pape

Seizure as a presenting manifestation of vitamin D dependent rickets type 1

There are two types of vitamin D dependent rickets (VDDR) that cause rickets in children. VDDR type 1 (VDDR-I) is caused by an inborn error of vitamin D metabolism, which interferes with renal conversion of calcidiol (25OHD) to calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D) by the enzyme 1-α-hydroxylase. Patients with VDDR-I have mutations of chromosome 12 that affect the gene for the enzyme 1-α-hydroxylase, resulting in decreased levels of 1,25(OH) vitamin D. Clinical features include growth failure, hypotonia, weakness, rachitic rosary, convulsions, tetany, open fontanels and pathologic fractures. We report a case of VDDR-I in 14-month-old male child. Establishing an early diagnosis of these genetic forms of rickets is challenging, especially in developing countries where nutritional rickets is the most common variety of the disease where genetic diagnosis is not always possible because of financial constraints. A prompt diagnosis is necessary to initiate adequate treatment, resolve biochemical features and prevent complications, such as severe deformities that may require surgical intervention

A study on metabolic variables and its association with high sensitive C-reactive protein in obese children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents predispose to the development of obesity in adulthood and subsequent cardiovascular disease. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a marker of low grade inflammatory state, which characterizes an atherosclerotic process. The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic abnormalities and its association with hsCRP in obese children and adolescents. A total of 62 obese children and adolescents and 24 healthy children and adolescents with a normal weight were recruited. In all subjects, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were significantly higher in the obese children and adolescents than the control. Obese children had significantly higher hsCRP levels (P < 0.001), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol than the control group. Furthermore, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly higher in obese children compared with the normal weight children. Furthermore, hsCRP showed a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.357; P = 0.028), total cholesterol (r = 0.367; P = 0.008) and LDL-C (r = 0.356; P = 0.01), insulin (r = 0.311; P = 0.026) and not with HOMA-IR (r = 0.244; P = 0.084)). In conclusion, obese children and adolescents have significantly increased hsCRP compared with a normal weight group. Early intervention and prevention of obesity in children and adolescents decreases cardiovascular disease in later life

Macroorchidism as presenting feature of Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability.1 We report the case of a 6-yearold boy who presented with the complaints of excessive cry and increased testicular volume, during the preceding six months. Physical examination revealed elongated faces, protruding cupped ears and macroorchidism (testicular volume 6-8 mL), anxiety, hyperactivity and attention deficit, clinically suggestive of FXS

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