On the plausible reasons for the formation of onset vortex in the presence of Arabian Sea mini warm pool

It has been established through a numerical model that the onset vortex (OV) was formed dramatically in the shear line on the northern flank of a low level jet (LLJ) at 850 hPa over the mini warm pool (MWP) in the East Central Arabian Sea with the aid of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies using MONEX-79 data. This study has led to serious investigation of MWP over the ECAS, but little attention has been given to its counterpart, i.e. the atmospheric pattern at 850 hPa, the level at which OV generally forms and extends on either side during the course of development. The present study examines the SST distribution over the Arabian Sea and circulation at 850 hPa to identify the MWP and the LLJ positions for five consecutive days with onset day as its centre and for six consecutive years 2000-05. The study has revealed that OV had formed only in 2001 under the influence of MWP on the northern flank of LLJ. During other years it seldom formed due to (i) absence of MWP, (ii) lack of sufficient strength of LLJ, and (iii) absence of the location of shear line (over the northern flank of LLJ) over MWP. The air-sea flux transfer processes for the OV year 2001 and a non-OV year 2002 are studied and compared for better understanding of the above process in relation to the OV and non-OV weather conditions over the study area

CARICA PAPAYA MEDIATED GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Objective: The present study was designed to biosynthesize NPs from leaves to study the reducing Ag+ions and stabilizing the particles and confirm AgNP synthesis by using various spectroscopy and microscopic methods.Methods: Bio-inspired AgNPs were rapidly synthesized at room temperature using fresh aqueous leaf extract of Carica papaya. A green and low-cost synthesis was effective in the formation of stable crystalline NPs in the solution. Amine, alkene and alkyl halides groups present in the Carica papaya leaf extract functioned as reducing as well as a stabilizing agent to produce shape controlled AgNPs.Results: SPR confirmed the formation of AgNPs in UV-Visible spectra at 445.7 nm. The XRD result also showed the presence of elemental Ag+as a crystalline nature. Study the functional groups responsible for the bio reduction of Ag+. HE-TEM and FE-SEM with EDX image showed spherical crystalline AgNPs.Conclusion: Hence, the plant-based bio AgNPs could be used in biomedical applications

GREEN BIOSYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES OF VITEX NEGUNDO AQUEOUS EXTRACT

Objective: The green synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles is a convenient, economical, rapid and eco-friendly method compared to physical and chemical synthesis methods.Methods: In the present study iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by Vitex negundo leaves extract.Results: The formation of iron oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by the colour change and further characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and XRD. The morphology and the size of nanoparticles were analyzed by SEM and HR-TEM analysis.Conclusion: On the basis of this research work, green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles can be a good source for alternative therapy for human diseases

Fetal and maternal outcome following expectant management of severe pre-eclampsia remote from term

Background: Expectant management of severe preeclampsia, remote from term is often a difficult decision. Maternal and foetal complications may occur while trying to achieve a more favourable perinatal outcome. We wanted to find out the foetal and maternal outcomes of expectant management in these women.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Government Medical College, Thrissur, India between May 2013 and April 2015. Women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, who were admitted, managed expectantly and delivered in our hospital during the study period, were recruited. The study subjects were grouped into: Group A (between 28 weeks and 31 weeks 6 days) and Group B (between 32 weeks and 33 weeks 6 days). A structured proforma was used to collect demographic and clinical details. The maternal and foetal outcomes were noted.Results: There were 4786 deliveries during the study period. Among them 76 (1.58% of total deliveries) women with severe preeclampsia between 28 weeks and 33-week 6 days gestation on expectant management were included in the study. The mean duration of expectant management was 7.92 days in group A (27 women) and 6.67 days in group B (49 women). Most women required termination of pregnancy for foetal distress (36.8%). HELLP syndrome and imminent eclampsia were the maternal complications that occurred. Perinatal loss was significantly more in Group A when compared to Group B.Conclusions: Expectant management of women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, especially between 32weeks and 33weeks 6 days, with antenatal corticosteroids and close monitoring, seems a reasonable option in developing countries

Development, characterization, efficacy and repeated dose toxicity of nanoemulsified ethanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats.

Alginate nanocapsules of ethanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale (NEL) were prepared by emulsification, cross linking with calcium chloride and solvent removal. Based on total phenol content the loading efficiency of the nanocapsules was 89% at an optimum concentration of 2: 18 (mg ml -1) for plant extract: olive oil. The photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) revealed that the mean particle diameter of optimized formulation was 233 nm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a spherical morphology. When subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for the compatability analysis between plant extract and sodium alginate, it revealed that the phytoconstituents were stable. The purpose of the present study was to compare the anti-diabetic activity of NEL and E.littorale (EL) in streptozoticin induced male rats. An oral dose of NEL (20 mg/kg b.w) and EL (2000 mg/kg b.w) showed a relatively similar antidiabetic effect, reducing the blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, ALT, AST, and ALP. Moreover, NEL is 100 times less than EL exhibiting better results within 10 days of treatment. These biochemical assessments were supported by rat biopsy examinations. In conclusion, the nanoemulsification method can be applied for poor water-soluble ethanolic herbal extracts to reduce the dosage and time

Forecasting Stock Time-Series using Data Approximation and Pattern Sequence Similarity

Time series analysis is the process of building a model using statistical techniques to represent characteristics of time series data. Processing and forecasting huge time series data is a challenging task. This paper presents Approximation and Prediction of Stock Time-series data (APST), which is a two step approach to predict the direction of change of stock price indices. First, performs data approximation by using the technique called Multilevel Segment Mean (MSM). In second phase, prediction is performed for the approximated data using Euclidian distance and Nearest-Neighbour technique. The computational cost of data approximation is O(n ni) and computational cost of prediction task is O(m |NN|). Thus, the accuracy and the time required for prediction in the proposed method is comparatively efficient than the existing Label Based Forecasting (LBF) method [1].Comment: 11 page

IOBR: Interoperable bee-hive routing in a heterogeneous multi-radio network

WiMAX and WiFi are the two proliferating wireless technologies with different physical and Media Access Control (MAC) layers. Today, WiFi radio is present in almost all the devices, and most of the devices are equipped with WiMAX radio. Both these technologies can be utilized, if the devices are equipped with both of them, to improve the performance. To cope up with the scenario, a method for routing in a heterogeneous infrastructure based mesh network is proposed. The heterogeneous network consists of a coordinator node and a subscriber node. In this paper, we assume that the coordinator nodes are equipped with both WiMAX and WiFi radios, whereas, the subscriber nodes need not have WiMAX radio. The protocol used for routing data is based on the bee-hive algorithm, in which the entire network is divided into foraging zones/regions. We propose a technique in which the intra-foraging zone communication happens through WiFi and the nodes across the foraging zone communicate via the coordinator using WiMAX. It is observed through simulations that our technique improves the overall network performance by making use of both the radios efficiently

Agro-morphological Diversity of High Altitude Bean Landraces in the Kailash Sacred Landscape of Nepal

Many varieties of bean are widely grown across diverse agro-ecological zones in Nepal. And opportunities exist for improving the crops and enhancing their resilience to various biotic and abiotic stressors. In this context, an experiment was conducted from June to October 2016 in Khar VDC of Darchula district to study the phenotypic traits of nine landraces of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The bean landraces were planted using randomized complete block design in three sites (Dhamidera, Dallekh and Sundamunda villages), with three replications in each site for their comparative analysis. The study considered the following phenotypic traits: days to emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% pod maturity, number of nodes, pod length, pod width, number of pods, number of seeds per pod and weight and grain yield for 100 seeds. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in the landraces both within and among locations. KA-17-08-FB and KA-17-04-FB were late  flowering (63 and 65 days respectively) compared to other landraces whereas KA-17-07-FB flowered earliest (within 42 days). In all three sites, three landraces namely KA-17-07-FB, KA-17-04-FB and KA-17-06-FB were found to be relatively more resistant to pest and diseases than other landraces. Eight out of nine landraces in Dhamidera and Dallekh villages and seven out of nine in Sundamunda village produced seeds greater than 1.0 t/ha. Among the nine varieties KA-17-02-FB was the highest yielding variety, with an average yield of 3.8 t/ha. This study is useful for identifying suitable landraces for future promotion based on their maturity, grain yield, diseases resistance and other qualitative and quantitative characteristics