Effect of salt stress on growth, inorganic ion and proline accumulation in Thai aromatic rice, Khao Dawk Mali 105, callus culture

The inhibitory effect of salt stress in rice is complex and is one of the main reasons for reduction of plant growth and crop productivity. In the present study, the response of rice callus cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105), commonly known as Thai jasmine rice, to salt stress was examined. Calluscultures of KDML105 rice were exposed to salt stress by placing on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 250 mM NaCl. Growth, water content, proline and inorganic ion content in rice cells weremeasured during stress treatment for 8 - 10 days. After prolonged exposure to salt stress, growth and water content of rice cells were progressively decreased. Rice cells accumulated high level of Na+during stress, whereas the accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ was decreased. High level of Na+ inside the cells inhibited the K+ uptake resulted in increase level of the Na+/K+ ratio. In addition, salt stress alsocaused an increase in the accumulation of proline. This result suggested that proline may play a crucial role in protecting the KDML105 rice cells under salt stress

Study of the Phenolic Composition of Shiraz Red Grape Cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivated in North-eastern Thailand and its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

The seed, skin and whole grape extract of the red grape cultivar Shiraz, which is widely cultivated in NortheasternThailand, were investigated. Total phenolic, total flavonoid and total monomeric anthocyanin contentranged from 48.04 to 116.73 g GAE/100g db (dry weight base), 74.82 to 258.69 mg CE/g db, and 5.06 to 55.45mg/100g db, respectively. Dimeric procyanidin (119.56–484.08 mg/100g db), (+)-catechin (52.30–231.92 mg/100gdb), (–)-epicatechin (27.92–174.10 mg/100g db), and gallic acid (4.42–27.80 mg/100g db) were found to be the mainflavanols that were present in the seed. Rutin and trans-resveratrol were present in amounts of between 21.13 and40.05 and 2.85 and 3.60 mg/100g db respectively. All extracts showed remarkable DPPH radical-scavenging activity(EC50), ranging from 0.47 to 2.10 μg/mL. Methanolic extract from the seed and skin were also active against allGram-positive bacteria, but these exerted less of an inhibiting effect on the growth of the tested Gram-negativebacteria. The activity of the methanolic extract of the seed was effective against B. cereus ATCC 11778, B. subtilisATCC 6633 and S. faecalis TISTR 459

Using DNA marker to identify groundnut hybrid in groundnut rust resistance research

There are many important steps in breeding for rust resistant groundnut cultivar e.g. evaluation of resistance levels, and population building. Groundnut is self-pollinated crop, it has a high rate of self- pollination in the breeding program. The use of DNA to classify hybridization would help to make more accurate selection and speed up the progress of work. The population of this study was from crosses of susceptible cultivars (KKU1 and Tainan 9) and resistant cultivar (NC Ac 17090). It was found that in F1, hybrids had many characteristics in between the parentsícharacters. For example, hybrid of Tainan 9 × NC Ac 17090 had no difference from Tainan 9 in seed weight per plant, width and length of pod, but pod per plant and pod weight per plant had higher values than those of Tainan 9 (high yield cultivar). However, hybrid of KKU2 ×NC Ac 17090 had seed weight per plant, width and length of pod values in between those of parents e.g. lower than KKU 1 but higher than NC Ac 17090. From RAPD technique, 120 primers have been screened. Only one primer (OPO11) showed a difference between NC Ac 17090 and susceptible cultivars (KKU1 and Tainan 9) at 1000 base. So, it was introduced as a tool to select F1 hybrid. The results indicated that F1 hybrids were 56.25 and 57.69% from crosses of Tainan 9 × NC Ac 17090 and KKU 1 × NC Ac 17090 respectively. Results from morphological study confirmed that those plants were from hybridization. Correlation of pustule diameter and number of pustules were significant. Results from F2 indicated that the ratio of susceptible to resistant plants was 15: 1 (p>0.05). However, only 50% of plant with small pustule showed O111000 maker

The Future of Rice Demand: Quality Beyond Productivity

Not AvailableIt is a book chapter on aromatic riceNot Availabl