Les formes modernes de distribution : leur rôle dans l'évolution du système agro-alimentaire

Modern forms of distribution - their role in the development of agri-business - One of the most noticeable phenomena in the development of agri-business during the last 15 years has been the massive influx of capital in the retail sector. The development of modern forms of distribution has changed the relationships within the foodstuffs production and marketing chain ; in particular the control of the consumer market is still the subject of a permanent struggle between industrial and commercial capital, the consequences of which can be felt on the structures both of production and commerce as well as of consumption. The purpose of this article is to present some of these consequences.L'un des phénomènes les plus marquants de l'évolution des systèmes agro-alimentaires au cours des quinze dernières années a été l'entrée massive du capital dans le secteur du commerce de détail. Le développement des Formes Modernes de Distribution a modifié les rapports de force au sein de la chaîne de production et de commercialisation de denrées alimentaires. En particulier, la maîtrise des marchés de consommation reste l'enjeu d'un affrontement permanent entre capital industriel et capital commercial, dont les répercussions se font sentir au niveau des structures aussi bien de la production et du commerce que de la consommation. L'objet de cet article est de présenter certaines de ces répercussions.Persuy P. Les formes modernes de distribution : leur rôle dans l'évolution du système agro-alimentaire. In: Économie rurale. N°121, 1977. Industries alimentaires. pp. 39-43

Heterogeneity in the ribosomal family of the yeast yarrowia lipolytica : genomic organization and segregation studies

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Diamond micro-cantilevers as transducers for olfactory receptors - based biosensors

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Diamond micro-cantilevers as transducers for olfactory receptors - based biosensors: Application to the receptors M71, OR7D4 and OR1740

National audienceThree olfactory receptors (ORs): Mouse M71, Human OR1740 and chimpanzee OR7D4 were immobilized for the first time onto synthetic diamond transducers surfaces. Both OR1740 and OR7D4 were grafted through covalent bonding of hexanoic acid radical on diamond followed by EDC/NHS peptidic coupling to the receptor. OR M71 was grafted using covalent attachment of nitriloacetic acid (NTA) as chelating agent, which could bind the 6His tagged receptor through nickel ions. Both grafting procedures were monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Once validated the protocols were applied to the surface of bulk diamond micro-cantilevers. The resulting sensors were assessed for odorant detection in the liquid phase using a Laser Doppler read-out system. For instance OR M71 was found to exhibit a good sensitivity to acetophenone, down to 1 μM with a good selectivity against negative control 2-octanone

Diamond micro-cantilevers as transducers for olfactory receptors - based biosensors: Application to the receptors M71 and OR7D4

International audienceTwo olfactory receptors (ORs), mouse M71 and chimpanzee OR7D4, were immobilized onto synthetic diamond transducers surfaces. 6His tagged M71 (6His-M71) was grafted using covalent attachment of nitriloacetic acid (NTA) as chelating agent, which could bind the 6His tagged receptor through nickel ions. OR7D4 was grafted through covalent bonding of hexanoic acid radical on diamond followed by EDC/NHS peptidic coupling to the receptor. Both grafting procedures were monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Then the grafting protocols were applied to the surface of bulk diamond micro-cantilevers. The resulting sensors were assessed for odorant detection in the liquid phase using a Laser Doppler read-out system. The 6His-M71 based sensor was found to exhibit a good sensitivity to acetophenone, with a typical frequency shift near 100 Hz for 1 μM exposure, with a good selectivity against negative control 2-octanone. The OR7D4 based sensor showed a sensitivity of 200 Hz for exposures to 1 or 10 μM androstenone with a good selectivity against both non-ligands acetophenone and 2-octanone

Brain and olfactory dopaminergic pathways are impaired in rabbit pups daily exposed to diesel exhaust nanoparticules during gestation

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