A modification for the calculation of water depth profiles in oil‐treated skin by in vivo confocal Raman microscopy

In this study, an extended calculation method for the determination of the water profiles in oil-treated skin is proposed, which is based on the calculation of the ratio between the Raman band intensities of water (3350-3550 cm−1) and keratin Amide I at 1650 cm−1. The proposed method is compared with the conventional method based on the ratio of the Raman band intensities of water (3350-3550 cm−1) and keratin at 2930 cm−1. The conventional method creates artifacts in the depth profiles of the water concentration in oil-treated skin, showing a lower amount of water in the upper and intermediate layers of the stratum corneum, which is due to the superposition of oil- and keratin-related Raman bands at 2930 cm−1. The proposed extended method shows no artifacts and has the potential to determine the water depth profiles after topical application of formulations on the skin

The simulation of a wave propagation in a bcc iron crystal with a crack

We present a large-scale molecular dynamic simulations of a wave propagation in a bcc iron based on a N-body potential model which gives a good description of an anisotropic elasticity. A crack is embedded in a bcc iron crystal having a basic cubic orientation. We consider a central pre-existing Griffith (through) crack. The crystal is loaded on its front face and the response is detected on its opposite face. The acquired results are very important for the new NDT nano scale methods

Forest and rural development assessment over a period of 200 years: a case study in the South Moravian region.

Historical maps are useful sources of geographical information for territorial research. The optimal distribution of the rural road network is a crucial tool for forestry and agricultural land management. This study provides a general framework for the assessment of the rural road network density and distribution in terms of historical development. The derived knowledge can be applied in the planning of the landscape in order to implement the study findings. For the study, a part of the hydrographic basin of the Svitava River (Blansko district, The South Moravian Region, Czech Republic) was selected. The examination of road distribution dynamics on the historical cartography over a period of almost 300 years was conducted. The basin map was created in ArcGIS software and the single map layers from the 2nd military mapping in years 1836 - 1852, as well as the topography mapping in 1952 and 2020 were used for comparison. Vector layers of the rural road network and borders of the area were created for the evaluation of their density and distribution. Macro analysis of the area identified that the density of the rural road network mostly increased in the period between 1952 - 2020

The Historical Development of Rural Roads in the Basilicata Region, Southern Italy”.

The rural road network is an inseparable part of the landscape and a fundamental mean for agricultural and forest management. The aim of this study was to analyze the historical development of the rural road network in relation to its density and distribution. The evaluation of the rural road network development includes an assessment of whether and how the road layout changed in time. For this study, a part of the hydrographic basin of the Bradano River (Basilicata region, Southern Italy) was selected. The basin map was created in ArcGIS environment the single map layers from the years 1829, 1875, 1955 and 2013 were imported. Vector layers of rural road network and basin boundaries were created in each of the maps for the rural road network density calculation, defined by the ratio of the length of hauling roads (in meters) to the basin area (in hectares). For the calculation of its distribution in the study area, the methodology commonly used for forest road network evaluation - based on average geometrical skidding distance and theoretical skidding distance - was applied. The analysis shows that the roads were constructed gradually, with an abrupt increase after the Second World War