Breast Cancer Classification by Gene Expression Analysis using Hybrid Feature Selection and Hyper-heuristic Adaptive Universum Support Vector Machine

Comprehensive assessments of the molecular characteristics of breast cancer from gene expression patterns can aid in the early identification and treatment of tumor patients. The enormous scale of gene expression data obtained through microarray sequencing increases the difficulty of training the classifier due to large-scale features. Selecting pivotal gene features can minimize high dimensionality and the classifier complexity with improved breast cancer detection accuracy. However, traditional filter and wrapper-based selection methods have scalability and adaptability issues in handling complex gene features. This paper presents a hybrid feature selection method of Mutual Information Maximization - Improved Moth Flame Optimization (MIM-IMFO) for gene selection along with an advanced Hyper-heuristic Adaptive Universum Support classification model Vector Machine (HH-AUSVM) to improve cancer detection rates. The hybrid gene selection method is developed by performing filter-based selection using MIM in the first stage followed by the wrapper method in the second stage, to obtain the pivotal features and remove the inappropriate ones. This method improves standard MFO by a hybrid exploration/exploitation phase to accomplish a better trade-off between exploration and exploitation phases. The classifier HH-AUSVM is formulated by integrating the Adaptive Universum learning approach to the hyper- heuristics-based parameter optimized SVM to tackle the class samples imbalance problem. Evaluated on breast cancer gene expression datasets from Mendeley Data Repository, this proposed MIM-IMFO gene selection-based HH-AUSVM classification approach provided better breast cancer detection with high accuracies of 95.67%, 96.52%, 97.97% and 95.5% and less processing time of 4.28, 3.17, 9.45 and 6.31 seconds, respectively

Biochemistry of Cone Snail toxin activation

posterCone snails use venom to capture prey for food and for defense against predators. The venom is composed of over 100 active peptides that target specific receptors in the nervous system. Several of these peptides have the potential to become medicine for treatment of pain, depression, seizures, and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer 019s disease and MS. In our efforts to understand how cone snails make toxins, we want to purify the Astacin-like protease thought to execute the final steps in toxin activation. Initial trials indicated that purification from bacteria expressing the protease would be challenging. We applied a sparse matrix search to find buffer conditions (pH, salt, metal ions, additives) that maximized yield of soluble Astacin-like protease

An Experimental Study and Correlation for Differential Settling of Bidisperse Suspensions

Sedimentation processes have wide practical applications in mineral processing, metallurgical industries, chemical engineering, environmental technologies, water treatment, and bio-process engineering. The sedimentation process is complex in nature since it involves the physical properties of both the solids and the fluids forming the suspensions as well as the hydrodynamic and physico/chemical phenomena that govern particle-fluid and particle-particle behaviour. The aim of this study is to measure experimentally the lower and upper interface velocities in bidisperse suspensions of solids in liquids using liquids and solids with a wide range in physical properties, and more specifically in solids concentration (glass ballotini and sand) covering concentrated and diluted suspensions. The study covers the experimental investigations on the settling rate of bidisperse suspensions in liquids using particles of equal density and at very low particle Reynolds number (Stoke’s law region) and the voidage ranges from = 0.62 to 0.95. A correlation is developed for the representation of the experimental data for the particles of two different dimension. The experimental data have been compared with the predictions of the present proposed model as well as the models reported in the literature. An empirical correlation for 2S1 is also proposed and its dependency on the particle diameter and the concentrations is discussed

Comparison of SPWM and SVM Based Neutral Point Clamped Inverter fed Induction Motor

Neutral point clamped multi-level inverter (NPCMLI) has a wide application prospect in high-voltage and adjustable speed drive systems due to its low stress on switching devices, low harmonic output, and simple structure. However, the problem of performance of induction motor needs to be solved when the Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is implemented on neutral point clamped inverter. In this paper, a space vector modulation (SVM) system is proposed for a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter with an induction motor as load. Consequently, the neutral-point potential unbalance, the dv/dt of output voltage and the switching loss are restrained effectively, and desirable dynamic and steady-state performances of induction machines can be obtained by SVM based NPC compare to the SPWM based inverter. Keywords: Neutral Point Clamped Inverter, Total Harmonic Distortion, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, Space Vector Modulation

Oxidation of Acetonaphthones by Hexacyanoferrate(III)

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Assessment of the ecological health of Vellar and Ennore estuarine ecosystems using health indices

1580-1592Coastal and marine environments face various perturbations which include a variety of industrial wastes and other toxic compounds accruing from shore line industries. Dumping of fly ash slurry and coolant water from thermal power plant is known to affect the physico-chemical nature of the estuarine environment and thereby cause severe damage to the benthic organisms. To combat this, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) developed a suite of health indices, of which, the AMBI (AZTI- Marine Biotic Index) index is proved to be efficient in assessing the ecological status of marine environment by using the macro benthic communities. In this backdrop, the present study was made to ascertain the ecological health of Vellar and Ennore estuarine regions using AMBI and M-AMBI (Multivariate- AZTI Marine Biotic Index) indices. The AMBI values (0.391 to1.13) and M-AMBI (0.92 to 0.96) calculated for the Vellar estuary indicated relatively undisturbed nature and high ecological quality while the values calculated for Ennore estuary (AMBI: 2.032 to 4.146 and M-AMBI: 0.27 to 0.76) signaled moderately disturbed nature and poor ecological quality of the system. The present study proves that there is an immense scope for application of AMBI & M-AMBI in ecological health assessment studies

Impact of bottom trawling on water and sediment characteristics of Cuddalore and Parangipettai coastal waters

639-646The present study was carried out to understand the impact of bottom trawling on the hydrographic, nutrient and sediment characteristics of Cuddalore and Parangipettai coastal waters during April 2014–March 2015. The present study addressed the impact of trawling on the sediment re-suspension, biochemical composition and bioavailability of organic matter in two coastal waters off Bay of Bengal. Sampling was carried out in four depth stations at 10, 20, 30, 40 m. Water and sediment samples were collected before and after trawling. The variations in total organic carbon and sediment nutrients were prominent in relation to stations and seasons. Pronounced changes were observed in water nutrients before and after trawling, while there was a minor effect on dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon and sediment nutrients. Conforming to the results, the PCA plot drawn for both the regions also revealed similar trend by the fact that the water nutrients had positive correlation with samples collected after trawling in all the stations, while dissolved oxygen, soil nutrients and total organic carbon showed negative correlation with the samples collected before trawling in all the stations

Predicting clinically signficant change in an inpatient program for people with severe mental illness

Objective: The first aim of this study was to assess the proportion of patients who achieved reliable and clinically significant change over the course of treatment in an inpatient psychosocial rehabilitation program. The second aim was to determine whether age, gender, length of stay, and diagnosis and co-morbid diagnosis predicted those who were classified as improved or not improved, using clinical significance criteria. Method: Three hundred and thirty-seven patients from inpatient units at Bloomfield Hospital, Orange, New South Wales, Australia were assessed at admission, 3-month reviews and discharge using the expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales and the Kessler 10. Results: Reliable and clinically significant improvement was found for 32.4% of inpatients on psychiatric symptomatology, 19.5% on psychosocial functioning and 20.2% on psychological distress. Logistic regression analyses found that the predictor variables collectively predicted those who made reliable and clinically significant improvement on psychiatric symptomatology, but not on psychosocial functioning or psychological distress. Those with a primary diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder had higher rates of improvement in psychiatric symptomatology compared to those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Those with co-morbid substance abuse disorders showed a trend towards greater improvement. Conclusions: Inpatient treatment is associated with clinically significant improvements for some patients with a severe mental illness. Patients with schizo-affective disorders are proportionally more likely to make improvement

Microscopic visualization of regeneration in scale worm Paralepidonotus sp. (Grube, 1878)

360-364Regeneration of damaged or lost body parts is an ecologically important process in the animal realm. Like many other annelids, segmented worms and bearded scale worm, Paralepidonotus sp. is capable of regenerating its anterior elytra and posterior body segments and terminal structures that are lost due to amputation. In aquaculture industry, scale worms have importance as common live feed. In this context, we studied the morphology and organization of tissues in Paralepidonotus sp. populations which have ability to regenerate the anterior elytra and posterior region. The study revealed that the process of blastema formation in the anterior (Elytra) and posterior segments of Paralepidonotus sp. was normal and got regenerated to its original state during 9th to 12th day of experiment, and thus this species can be used for mass scale production to cater to the demand of aquaculture as suitable live feed for feeding the brooders both in shrimp and ornamental Aquaculture