Morphological characteristics of the Đakovo Lippizaner

Praćenje razvitka tjelesnih mjera lipicanskog podmlatka ima posebnu važnost pri određivanju tjelesne i pripusne dozrelosti konja. Poznavanjem intenziteta rasta i razvitka uzgajivači svojim postupcima u uzgoju mogu donekle utjecati na rast i razvitak. Od posebne važnosti je pravilna hranidba, te način držanja i njega. Podaci iz matične evidencije ergele Đakovo obuhvatili su grla s punim rodovnikom što je omogućilo praćenje fenotipskih promjena po generacijama. Od morfoloških svojstava statistički su obrađene tjelesne mjere (visina grebena, opseg prsa i opseg cjevanice mjerene vrpcom) odraslih kobila i pastuha, te ždrebadi nakon oždrebljenja, zatim u dobi od šest, dvanaest, dvadeset četiri te trideset šest mjeseci. Muška grla su imala veću visinu grebena, kako pri oždrebljenju tako i u zreloj dobi od ženskih grla. Opseg prsa kod muških grla je veći pri oždrebljenju, dok je u zreloj dobi manji od ženskih. Veći opseg prsa ženskih grla u zreloj dobi proizlazi iz činjenice da su u toj životnoj dobi neka ženska grla uvrštena u istraživanje bila u poodmaklom mjesecu graviditeta. Dobivene vrijednosti opsega cjevanice nemaju značajnu razliku u odnosu na spol. Ergela Đakovo zauzima značajno mjesto u zaprežnom sportu kao što je vožnja u dvopregu i četveropregu. Uzgojni cilj je kako u ergeli tako i u privatnom uzgoju uzgojiti kvalitetna grla za vožnju u zaprezi i jahanje. U postizanju što većih okvira i koščatosti lipicanskog uzgoja konja u ergeli Đakovo koristili su se lipicanski pastusi iz Mađarske, Rumunjske, Austrije i Slovenije kao osvježivači krvi. Danas đakovački lipicanac spada u najkrupniji uzgoj ovoga konja. Osvježavanjem krvi već u prvoj generaciji potomaka utvrđen je veći tjelesni okvir i koščatost.Observing the development of physical measurement of Lippizaner offspring has a specific importance when determining physical and admission maturity of the horse. Knowing the growth and development intensity the breeders can slightly influence the growth and development with their treatments in breeding. Appropriate feeding, care are and of special significance data from the register of the Đakovo horse-farm include animal with full pedigree, that has enabled following the phenotype changes by generations. From morphological characteristics, statistically elaborated were physical measurements (withers height, chest girth, cannon-bone circumference measured by ribbon) of adult mares and stallions, and foals at foaling, at age of six, twelve, twenty four and thirty six months. Males had a higher withers height, both at foaling time and at mature age than females. The chest girth in males is larger at foaling time, while at mature age it is smaller than in females. A larger chest girth in females at mature age is the consequence of gravidity of some females that were included in the research. The obtained values of the cannon-bone circumference have no significant difference with respect to sex. The horse-farm Đakovo has a significant place in team sport, both in two-horse and four-horse teams. The breeding aim is to raise qualitaty animals for team sport and riding at both horse-farm and private breeding. To obtain larger frames and boniness in Lippizaner horses at the horse-farm Đakovo, stallions from Hungary, Romania, Austria and Slovenia were used to infuse new blood. Today the Đakovo Lippizaner is one of the largest when considered this horse breeding. A larger physical frame and boniness is established already in the first generation when refreshed by blood

Somatic cell count characteristics in profitable milk production

Međunarodno priznati parametar za ocjenu zdravstvenog stanja vimena krava je broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku. Prema zakonskim propisima usvojenih 1995. godine, u zemljama EU svježe sirovo mlijeko krava ne smije sadržavati više od 400.000 somatskih stanica/ml. Slično Pravilniku koji je važeći u zemljama EU i Ministarstvo poljoprivrede i šumarstva RH 2000. godine usvojilo je “Pravilnik o kakvoći svježeg sirovog mlijeka”, te 2002. godine “Uredbu o ciljnoj cijeni svježeg sirovog mlijeka”. Zbog širokog spektra parametara koji se mjere i kontroliraju prema Pravilniku, svaka pogreška i ne pravovremena reakcija proizvođača ili veterinara u zdravstvenoj zaštiti tijekom laktacijskog ciklusa krave, odrazit će se i na krajnje financijsko poslovanje. Zato je nužno da se proizvođači mlijeka što prije prilagode zahtjevima tržišta, koristeći vlastita i svjetska znanstvena dostignuća u stočarstvu, pri čemu će zdravlje životinje i kvaliteta mlijeka imati važno mjesto.Internationally acknowledged parameter for udder health estimation is the number of somatic cells in milk. In order to the Law regulations from 1995. in the EU countries, the fresh raw cow milk must not contain more than 400.000 somatic cells/ml. Similar to the regulation valid in EU countries, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Republic of Croatia in the year 2000. adopted a «Regulation About the Fresh Raw milk Quality» and in 2002. « Regulation About a Price of the Fresh Raw Milk». Due to the wide spectre of measured parameters controlled in accordance to the Regulation, each mistake and no forehanded reaction of the manufacturer or the veterinarianin in the health protection over the lactation period of the cow, will reflect the financial business activities. Therefore, it is necessary that the milk manufacturers adapt as soon as possible to the market demands using own and world scientific accomplishments in cattle-breeding. That way, animal health and the quality of milk will have an important place

Supplementary data for article: Sostaric, A.; Stojic, S. S.; Vukovic, G.; Mijic, Z.; Stojić, A.; Gržetić, I. Rainwater Capacities for BTEX Scavenging from Ambient Air. Atmospheric Environment 2017, 168, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.045

Supplementary material for: [ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.045]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2539]Related to accepted version:[http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3007

Somatic cell count characteristics in profitable milk production

Međunarodno priznati parametar za ocjenu zdravstvenog stanja vimena krava je broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku. Prema zakonskim propisima usvojenih 1995. godine, u zemljama EU svježe sirovo mlijeko krava ne smije sadržavati više od 400.000 somatskih stanica/ml. Slično Pravilniku koji je važeći u zemljama EU i Ministarstvo poljoprivrede i šumarstva RH 2000. godine usvojilo je “Pravilnik o kakvoći svježeg sirovog mlijeka”, te 2002. godine “Uredbu o ciljnoj cijeni svježeg sirovog mlijeka”. Zbog širokog spektra parametara koji se mjere i kontroliraju prema Pravilniku, svaka pogreška i ne pravovremena reakcija proizvođača ili veterinara u zdravstvenoj zaštiti tijekom laktacijskog ciklusa krave, odrazit će se i na krajnje financijsko poslovanje. Zato je nužno da se proizvođači mlijeka što prije prilagode zahtjevima tržišta, koristeći vlastita i svjetska znanstvena dostignuća u stočarstvu, pri čemu će zdravlje životinje i kvaliteta mlijeka imati važno mjesto.Internationally acknowledged parameter for udder health estimation is the number of somatic cells in milk. In order to the Law regulations from 1995. in the EU countries, the fresh raw cow milk must not contain more than 400.000 somatic cells/ml. Similar to the regulation valid in EU countries, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Republic of Croatia in the year 2000. adopted a «Regulation About the Fresh Raw milk Quality» and in 2002. « Regulation About a Price of the Fresh Raw Milk». Due to the wide spectre of measured parameters controlled in accordance to the Regulation, each mistake and no forehanded reaction of the manufacturer or the veterinarianin in the health protection over the lactation period of the cow, will reflect the financial business activities. Therefore, it is necessary that the milk manufacturers adapt as soon as possible to the market demands using own and world scientific accomplishments in cattle-breeding. That way, animal health and the quality of milk will have an important place

Morphological characteristics of the Đakovo Lippizaner

Praćenje razvitka tjelesnih mjera lipicanskog podmlatka ima posebnu važnost pri određivanju tjelesne i pripusne dozrelosti konja. Poznavanjem intenziteta rasta i razvitka uzgajivači svojim postupcima u uzgoju mogu donekle utjecati na rast i razvitak. Od posebne važnosti je pravilna hranidba, te način držanja i njega. Podaci iz matične evidencije ergele Đakovo obuhvatili su grla s punim rodovnikom što je omogućilo praćenje fenotipskih promjena po generacijama. Od morfoloških svojstava statistički su obrađene tjelesne mjere (visina grebena, opseg prsa i opseg cjevanice mjerene vrpcom) odraslih kobila i pastuha, te ždrebadi nakon oždrebljenja, zatim u dobi od šest, dvanaest, dvadeset četiri te trideset šest mjeseci. Muška grla su imala veću visinu grebena, kako pri oždrebljenju tako i u zreloj dobi od ženskih grla. Opseg prsa kod muških grla je veći pri oždrebljenju, dok je u zreloj dobi manji od ženskih. Veći opseg prsa ženskih grla u zreloj dobi proizlazi iz činjenice da su u toj životnoj dobi neka ženska grla uvrštena u istraživanje bila u poodmaklom mjesecu graviditeta. Dobivene vrijednosti opsega cjevanice nemaju značajnu razliku u odnosu na spol. Ergela Đakovo zauzima značajno mjesto u zaprežnom sportu kao što je vožnja u dvopregu i četveropregu. Uzgojni cilj je kako u ergeli tako i u privatnom uzgoju uzgojiti kvalitetna grla za vožnju u zaprezi i jahanje. U postizanju što većih okvira i koščatosti lipicanskog uzgoja konja u ergeli Đakovo koristili su se lipicanski pastusi iz Mađarske, Rumunjske, Austrije i Slovenije kao osvježivači krvi. Danas đakovački lipicanac spada u najkrupniji uzgoj ovoga konja. Osvježavanjem krvi već u prvoj generaciji potomaka utvrđen je veći tjelesni okvir i koščatost.Observing the development of physical measurement of Lippizaner offspring has a specific importance when determining physical and admission maturity of the horse. Knowing the growth and development intensity the breeders can slightly influence the growth and development with their treatments in breeding. Appropriate feeding, care are and of special significance data from the register of the Đakovo horse-farm include animal with full pedigree, that has enabled following the phenotype changes by generations. From morphological characteristics, statistically elaborated were physical measurements (withers height, chest girth, cannon-bone circumference measured by ribbon) of adult mares and stallions, and foals at foaling, at age of six, twelve, twenty four and thirty six months. Males had a higher withers height, both at foaling time and at mature age than females. The chest girth in males is larger at foaling time, while at mature age it is smaller than in females. A larger chest girth in females at mature age is the consequence of gravidity of some females that were included in the research. The obtained values of the cannon-bone circumference have no significant difference with respect to sex. The horse-farm Đakovo has a significant place in team sport, both in two-horse and four-horse teams. The breeding aim is to raise qualitaty animals for team sport and riding at both horse-farm and private breeding. To obtain larger frames and boniness in Lippizaner horses at the horse-farm Đakovo, stallions from Hungary, Romania, Austria and Slovenia were used to infuse new blood. Today the Đakovo Lippizaner is one of the largest when considered this horse breeding. A larger physical frame and boniness is established already in the first generation when refreshed by blood

The genetic structure and sustainability of autochthonous cattle breeds in Croatia

Prepoznavanje i potvrđivanje autohtonosti pasmine temeljna je odrednica u njenom očuvanju, budući da se na njoj temelji kontinuitet logike uzgojnog rada kojim se gubitak genetske osobitosti nastoji svesti na najmanju mjeru. Razložno je činiti redoviti osvrt na minuli uzgojni rad na autohtonim pasminama kako bi uočili manjkavosti u pogledu genetske ali i ekonomske održivosti. Analizirano je stanje genetske strukture i održivosti dvaju hrvatskih autohtonih pasmina goveda koje su više od desetljeća u žiži znanstvenog i šireg interesa. Istarsko govedo samo je dijelom konsolidirano u genetskom pogledu, uz još uvijek nejasnu uzgojnu strategiju u pogledu dostupnih linija i majčinskih rodova. Procijenjena razina uzgoj u srodstvu istarskog goveda na temelju rodoslovlja umjerene je razine (0,0175), no broj i distribucija linija ukazuju na potrebu pažljivije provedbe uzgojnog programa. Razina uzgoja u srodstvu (izračunata na temelju rodoslovlja) slavonsko srijemskog podolca (0,0186) ukazuje na sustavan selekcijski rad, no brojno stanje populacije i distribucija grla ukazuju na postojeću ozbiljnost situacije. Uzgajivačima nezadovoljavajuća visina novčanih poticaja, uz nerazvijene programe gospodarskog korištenja, dovode u pitanje i fizičku održivost populacije u aktivnom in situ programu očuvanja.Recognizing and affirmation of autochthonism are basic points protection breeds, whereas is ground of continuity of breeding work which loss genetic rarity reduces to minimum. Necessary is seems the routine overview over the breeding work on autochthonous breeds in order to notice inadequacies in view of genetic and also economic sustainability. Has been analyzed genetic structure and sustainability of two autochthonous cattle breeds which are more than decades in center scientific and wider interest. The Istrian cattle has been partly consolidated in the genetic sight, beside still is unclear breeding strategy with regard to the accessible lineages. Has been estimated the level inbreeding of Istrian cattle on the basis of pedigree data is moderate level (0,0175), but the number and distribution of lineages suggest the needs of more careful implementation breeding program. Levels of inbreeding (calculated on the basis of pedigree) Slavonian syrmian podolian cattle (0,0186) points to the systematic selection work, but numerical situation of populations and distribution of herds suggest on the existing seriousness situations. Breeders unsatisfactory heights of financial stimulus, by undeveloped programs of economic use, call in question too physical sustainability populations the in situ program preservations

Fresh inflation and decoherence of super Hubble fluctuations

I study a stochastic approach to the recently introduced fresh inflation model for super Hubble scales. I find that the state loses its coherence at the end of the fresh inflationary period as a consequence of the damping of the interference function in the reduced density matrix. This fact should be a consequence of a) the relative evolutions of both the scale factor and the horizon and b) the additional thermal and dissipative effects. This implies a relevant difference with respect to supercooled inflationary scenarios which require a very rapid expansion of the scale factor to give the decoherence of super Hubble fluctuations.Comment: version with minor changes. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Quantum Cosmology and Open Universes

Quantum creation of Universes with compact spacelike sections that have curvature $k$ either closed, flat or open, i.e. $k=\pm1,0$ are studied. In the flat and open cases, the superpotential of the Wheeler De Witt equation is significantly modified, and as a result the qualitative behaviour of a typical wavefunction differs from the traditional closed case. Using regularity arguments, it is shown that the only consistent state for the wavefunction is the Tunneling one. By computing the quantum probabilities for the curvature of the sections, it is shown that quantum cosmology actually favours that the Universe be open, $k=-1$. In all cases sufficient inflation $\sim 60$ e-foldings is predicted: this is an improvement over classical measures that generally are ambiguous as to whether inflation is certain to occur.Comment: 11 pages, Revtex, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in PRD. New material and important corrections added in response to referee's repor

Extended Inflation with an Exponential Potential

In this paper we investigate extended inflation with an exponential potential $V(\sigma)= V_0 e^{-\kappa\sigma}$, which provides a simple cosmological scenario where the distribution of the constants of Nature is mostly determined by $\kappa$. In particular, we show that this theory predicts a uniform distribution for the Planck mass at the end of inflation, for the entire ensemble of universes that undergo stochastic inflation. Eternal inflation takes place in this scenario for a broad family of initial conditions, all of which lead up to the same value of the Planck mass at the end of inflation. The predicted value of the Planck mass is consistent with the observed value within a comfortable range of values of the parameters involved.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Stochastic Inflation:The Quantum Phase Space Approach

In this paper a quantum mechanical phase space picture is constructed for coarse-grained free quantum fields in an inflationary Universe. The appropriate stochastic quantum Liouville equation is derived. Explicit solutions for the phase space quantum distribution function are found for the cases of power law and exponential expansions. The expectation values of dynamical variables with respect to these solutions are compared to the corresponding cutoff regularized field theoretic results (we do not restrict ourselves only to \VEV{\F^2}). Fair agreement is found provided the coarse-graining scale is kept within certain limits. By focusing on the full phase space distribution function rather than a reduced distribution it is shown that the thermodynamic interpretation of the stochastic formalism faces several difficulties (e.g., there is no fluctuation-dissipation theorem). The coarse-graining does not guarantee an automatic classical limit as quantum correlations turn out to be crucial in order to get results consistent with standard quantum field theory. Therefore, the method does {\em not} by itself constitute an explanation of the quantum to classical transition in the early Universe. In particular, we argue that the stochastic equations do not lead to decoherence.Comment: 43 page