44 research outputs found

    Evaluation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm collections using RAPD markers

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    Des marqueurs RAPD sont combinés avec une analyse de calcul de distance (simple matching) afin d'évaluer les relations génétiques entre les cultivars africains de manioc. Une étude préliminaire sur 3 espèces avec 20 "primers" montre clairement que ces marqueurs peuvent être très utiles. L'ADN de 19 cultivars a été amplifié en utilisant 8 primers. Les cultivars se discriminent bien et sont distribués de manière cohérente si on compare aux résultats obtenus avec les RFLP ou isoenzymes. La diversité génétique, la caractérisation des collections et les études d'introgression sont les domaines que les RAPD peuvent contribuer à améliorer pour le manioc. (Résumé d'auteur

    Suppression of Jasmonic Acid-Dependent Defense in Cotton Plant by the Mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis

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    The solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, has been recently recognized as an aggressively invasive pest in China, and is now becoming a serious threat to the cotton industry in the country. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms employed by cotton for defending against P. solenopsis before the pest populations reach epidemic levels. Here, we examined the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and herbivory treatments on feeding behavior and on development of female P. solenopsis. Further, we compared the volatile emissions of cotton plants upon JA, SA, and herbivory treatments, as well as the time-related changes in gossypol production and defense-related genes. Female adult P. solenopsis were repelled by leaves from JA-treated plant, but were not repelled by leaves from SA-treated plants. In contrast, females were attracted by leaves from plants pre-infested by P. solenopsis. The diverse feeding responses by P. solenopsis were due to the difference in volatile emission of plants from different treatments. Furthermore, we show that JA-treated plants slowed P. solenopsis development, but plants pre-infested by P. solenopsis accelerated its development. We also show that P. solenopsis feeding inhibited the JA-regulated gossypol production, and prevented the induction of JA-related genes. We conclude that P. solenopsis is able to prevent the activation of JA-dependent defenses associated with basal resistance to mealybugs

    Suivi des introgressions dans les croisements interspécifiques chez le riz: utilisation des marqueurs moléculaires

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    La diversité génétique des espèces sauvages de riz est d'un grand intérêt en amélioration des plantes. Malgré de fortes barrières reproductives, des hybrides interspécifiques peuvent être obtenus grâce à la récupération des embryons par culture #in vitro et être recroisés ensuite pour introduire des caractères utiles dans les riz cultivés. Au fur et à mesure que la carte de liaison génétique RFLP (polymorphisme de longueur de fragment de restriction) devient de plus en plus saturée, les marqueurs moléculaires constituent un nouvel outil puissant pour analyser et comprendre les mécanismes de la recombinaison dans les croisements éloignés. Trois exemples d'application des marqueurs moléculaires au suivi des introgressions sont présentés à partir d'activités développées à l'ORSTOM (Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération) de Montpellier ou de collaborations avec l'IRRI (Institut International de Recherche sur le Riz, Philippines) et l'Université Cornell (Etats-Unis). Ils concernent l'analyse de générations précoces ou de lignées isogéniques développées avec des espèces sauvages de riz possédant le même génome que le riz cultivé (#O. longistaminata) ou des génomes cytogénétiquement différents (#O. brachyantha, génome F) et (#O. australiensis, génome E). (Résumé d'auteur

    Comparative analysis of transgenic rice plants obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment

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    We compared rice transgenic plants obtained by #Agrobacterium-mediated and particle bombardment transformation by carrying out molecular analyses of the T0, T1 and T2 transgenic plants. #Oryza sativa japonica rice (c.v. Taipei 309) was transformed with a construct (pWNHG) that carried genes coding for neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII), hygromycin phosphotransferase (Hyg(sup)r), and Beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Thirteen and fourteen transgenic lines produced via either method were selected and subjected to molecular analysis. Based on our data, we could draw the following conclusions. Average gene copy numbers of the three transgenes were 1.8 and 2.7 for transgenic plants obtained by #Agrobacterium and by particle bombardment, respectively. The percentage of transgenic plants containing intact copies of foreign genes, especially non-selection genes, was higher for #Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. GUS gene expression level in transgenic plants obtained from #Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was more stable overall the transgenic plant lines obtained by particle bombardment. Most of the transgenic plants obtained from the two transformation systems gave a Mendelian segregation pattern of foreign genes in T1 and T2 generations. Co-segregation was observed for lines obtained from particle bombardment, however, that was not always the case for T1 lines obtained from #Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Fertility of transgenic plants obtained from #Agrobacterim-mediated transformation was better. In summary, the #Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a good system to obtain transgenic plants with lower copy number, intact foreign gene and stable gene expression, while particle bombardment is a high efficiency system to produce large number of transgenic plants with a wide range of gene expression. (Résumé d'auteur

    Neurilemmomi Della Vulva (4 casi)

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