1,110 research outputs found
Insights into philanthropy An investigation into motivations for UK charitable giving
Almost £23 billion is given by individuals voluntarily to UK charities every year. This is hugely important for those organisations as it represents 43% of their total income and this percentage is increasing (Hornung et al., 2019). This thesis investigates why people decide to give money to charity, in order to develop an improved understanding of their underlying motivations and the dynamics of what prompts or triggers a gift. It will be of value anyone interested in changing the world by sustaining and enhancing individual donations of money to charity.
A literature review reveals knowledge gaps about why people develop into givers and what prompts them to change existing charitable allegiances or make new commitments. This research uses an interpretive, pragmatic approach to analyse the data from 46 in-depth interviews with philanthropists to gain improved insights into the underlying values, drivers and motivational triggers for charitable giving. There is evidence that many individuals acquire a giving habit at a very early age and that significant life experiences also impact giving behaviour. However, motivations are fluid and people change charity allegiances throughout their lives.
Furthermore, these changes continue into the charitable will making process that half of UK philanthropists may undertake.
The findings show that relationships often develop between givers and charity fundraisers. An important conclusion emerging from this evidence is that the nature of that relationship between the fundraiser and the giver may be very
significant in determining giving motivations and behaviour. A further conclusion is that giving motivations can be far more fluid than most theories allow, and a new, dynamic theory of giving is proposed.
This research has sampling and analytical limitations but nevertheless, offers new insights about the prompts that trigger movements in giving motivations. These are important factors for fundraising charities to use more effectively. The thesis provides an original contribution to the understanding of what motivates people to donate money and presents recommendations for practitioners, policy development and further research
Heavy fermion superconductivity in the filled skutterudite compound PrOsSb
The filled skutterudite compound \PrOsSb{} has been found to exhibit
superconductivity with a critical temperature K that
develops out of a heavy Fermi liquid with an effective mass . The current experimental situation regarding the heavy fermion
state, the superconducting state, and a high field, low temperature phase that
is apparently associated with magnetic or quadrupolar order in \PrOsSb{} is
briefly reviewed herein.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, presented at the LT23 23rd International
Conference on Low Temperature Physics, Hiroshima, Japa
Evolution of crystalline electric field effects, superconductivity, and heavy fermion behavior in the specific heat of Pr(OsRu)Sb
Specific heat measurements were made on single crystals of the
superconducting filled skutterudite series Pr(OsRu)Sb
down to 0.6 K. Crystalline electric field fits in the normal state produced
parameters which were in agreement with previous measurements. Bulk
superconductivity was observed for all values of the Ru concentration with
transition temperatures consistent with previous experiments, confirming a
minimum in at . The data below appear to be more
consistent with power law behavior for (PrOsSb), and with
exponential behavior for . An enhanced electronic
specific heat coefficient was observed for , further
supporting as a critical concentration where the physical
properties abruptly change. Significant enhancement of above
the weak coupling value was only observed for and .Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review B. v2: text added
and figures modifie
Crystalline electric field effects in the electrical resistivity of PrOsSb
The temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the electrical
resistivity of the recently discovered heavy fermion superconductor
\PrOsSb{} have features that are associated with the splitting of the Pr
Hund's rule multiplet by the crystalline electric field (CEF). These features
are apparently due to magnetic exchange and aspherical Coulomb scattering from
the thermally populated CEF-split Pr energy levels. The data
in zero magnetic field can be described well by calculations based on CEF
theory for various ratios of magnetic exchange and aspherical Coulomb
scattering, and yield CEF parameters that are qualitatively consistent with
those previously derived from magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and
inelastic neutron scattering measurements. Calculated isotherms for a
ground state qualitatively account for the `dome-shaped' feature
in the measured isotherms.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte
Superconductivity, magnetic order, and quadrupolar order in the filled skutterudite system PrNdOsSb
Superconductivity, magnetic order, and quadrupolar order have been
investigated in the filled skutterudite system
PrNdOsSb as a function of composition in magnetic
fields up to 9 tesla and at temperatures between 50 mK and 10 K. Electrical
resistivity measurements indicate that the high field ordered phase (HFOP),
which has been identified with antiferroquadruoplar order, persists to
0.5. The superconducting critical temperature of PrOsSb
is depressed linearly with Nd concentration to 0.55, whereas the
Curie temperature of NdOsSb is depressed linearly with Pr
composition to () 0.45. In the superconducting region, the upper
critical field is depressed quadratically with in the range 0
0.3, exhibits a kink at 0.3, and then
decreases linearly with in the range 0.3 0.6. The
behavior of appears to be due to pair breaking caused by the
applied magnetic field and the exhange field associated with the polarization
of the Nd magnetic moments, in the superconducting state. From magnetic
susceptibility measurements, the correlations between the Nd moments in the
superconducting state appear to change from ferromagnetic in the range 0.3
0.6 to antiferromagnetic in the range 0
0.3. Specific heat measurements on a sample with 0.45
indicate that magnetic order occurs in the superconducting state, as is also
inferred from the depression of with .Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, currently submitted to Phys. Rev.
Competing Ordered Phases in URu2Si2: Hydrostatic Pressure and Re-substitution
A persistent kink in the pressure dependence of the \hidden order" (HO)
transition temperature of URu2-xRexSi2 is observed at a critical pressure Pc=15
kbar for 0 < x < 0.08. In URu2Si2, the kink at Pc is accompanied by the
destruction of superconductivity; a change in the magnitude of a spin
excitation gap, determined from electrical resistivity measurements; and a
complete gapping of a portion of the Fermi surface (FS), inferred from a change
in scattering and the competition between the HO state and superconductivity
for FS fraction
Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in the Kondo lattices induced by peculiarities of magnetic ordering and spin dynamics
A scaling consideration of the Kondo lattices is performed with account of
singularities in the spin excitation spectral function. It is shown that a
non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior between two critical values of the bare
coupling constant occurs naturally for complicated magnetic structures with
several magnon branches. This may explain the fact that a NFL behavior takes
place often in the heavy-fermion systems with peculiar spin dynamics. Another
kind of a NFL-like state (with different critical exponents) can occur for
simple antiferromagnets with account of magnon damping, and for paramagnets,
especially with two-dimensional character of spin fluctuations. The mechanisms
proposed lead to some predictions about behavior of specific heat, resistivity,
magnetic susceptibility, and anisotropy parameter, which can be verified
experimentally.Comment: 16 pages, RevTeX, 4 Postscript figures. Extended versio
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