Macoun\u27s \u27Catalogue of Canadian Birds\u27

Volume: 27Start Page: 107End Page: 10

Learning to adapt: managing forests together in Indonesia

There is an increasing need to enhance the quality of forest management in many places around the world. This need often arises from disagreements among interest groups using the same forestland and forest resources. This situation also holds true for Indonesia. Yet while it is generally agreed that the problem should be tackled through better collaboration among competing groups, there are many questions about how to go about it in practice. This book tries to answer some of them. It is about a learning-based approach to collaboration, called Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM). It draws on the experience of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) in researching and applying ACM in two sites in Indonesia: Sumatra and Kalimantan. It presents the way in which a team of action researchers assisted local groups and institutions in jointly addressing local resource problems and the outcomes and implications for wider application in the country. The book aims to support community workers, field-based staff of organisations like non-governmental organisations (NGOs), government extension workers and project staff, and trainers. It can be used as a reference, as a tool to facilitate local action, or simply as an account of experiences in applying a learning-based approach to forest management. The book can also be used as a basis for thinking about new methods, tools or concepts related to forests and for linking these to practice

Belajar beradaptasi: bersama-sama mengelola hutan di Indonesia

There is an increasing need to enhance the quality of forest management in many places around the world. This need often arises from disagreements among interest groups using the same forestland and forest resources. This situation also holds true for Indonesia. Yet while it is generally agreed that the problem should be tackled through better collaboration among competing groups, there are many questions about how to go about it in practice. This book tries to answer some of them. It is about a learning-based approach to collaboration, called Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM). It draws on the experience of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) in researching and applying ACM in two sites in Indonesia: Sumatra and Kalimantan. It presents the way in which a team of action researchers assisted local groups and institutions in jointly addressing local resource problems and the outcomes and implications for wider application in the country. The book aims to support community workers, field-based staff of organisations like non-governmental organisations (NGOs), government extension workers and project staff, and trainers. It can be used as a reference, as a tool to facilitate local action, or simply as an account of experiences in applying a learning-based approach to forest management. The book can also be used as a basis for thinking about new methods, tools or concepts related to forests and for linking these to practice

Panduan untuk menerapkan analisa multikriteria dalam menilai kriteria dan indikator

Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) is a decision-making tool developed for complex problems. In a situation where multiple criteria are involved confusion can arise if a logical, well-structured decision-making process is not followed. Another difficulty in decision-making is that reaching a general consensus in a multidisciplinary team can be very difficult to achieve. By using MCA members do not have to agree on the relative importance of the criteria or the rankings of the alternatives. Each member enters his or her own judgements, and makes a distinct, identifiable contribution to a jointly reached conclusion. This manual is written for an audience that needs a clear, easy to follow manual that can be used in the field to implement MCA. The information is structured so that the reader is first introduced to the general concepts involved before delving into the more specific applications of MCA. The manual reviews the conceptual framework of C&I and introduces the theoretical basis of MCA, and methods such as ranking, rating and pair wise comparisons in the Analytic Hierarchy Process. It provides an example of how MCA can be applied to C&I in a Forest Certification context both from a 'top-down' perspective as well as in a more 'bottom-up' context

Application de l’analyse multicritère à l’évaluation des critères et indicateurs

Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) is a decision-making tool developed for complex problems. In a situation where multiple criteria are involved confusion can arise if a logical, well-structured decision-making process is not followed. Another difficulty in decision making is that reaching a general consensus in a multidisciplinary team can be very difficult to achieve. By using MCA the members don't have to agree on the relative importance of the Criteria or the rankings of the alternatives. Each member enters his or her own judgements, and makes a distinct, identifiable contribution to a jointly reached conclusion. This manual is written for an audience that need a clear, easy to follow manual that can be used in the field to implement MCA. The information is structured so that the reader is first introduced to the general concepts involved before delving into the more specific applications of Multi Criteria Analysis. The manual reviews the conceptual framework of C&I and introduces the theoretical basis of MCA, and methods such as ranking, rating and pairwise comparisons in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It provides an example of how MCA can be applied to C&I in a Forest Certification context both from a 'top-down' perspective as well as in a more 'bottom-up' context

Guidelines for applying multi-criteria analysis to the assessment of criteria and indicators

Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) is a decision-making tool developed for complex problems. In a situation where multiple criteria are involved confusion can arise if a logical, well-structured decision-making process is not followed. Another difficulty in decision making is that reaching a general consensus in a multidisciplinary team can be very difficult to achieve. By using MCA the members don't have to agree on the relative importance of the Criteria or the rankings of the alternatives. Each member enters his or her own judgements, and makes a distinct, identifiable contribution to a jointly reached conclusion. This manual is written for an audience that needs a clear, easy to follow manual that can be used in the field to implement MCA. The information is structured so that the reader is first introduced to the general concepts involved before dwelving into the more specific applications of Multi Criteria Analysis. The manual reviews the conceptual framework of C&I and introduces the theoretical basis of MCA, and methods such as ranking, rating and pairwise comparisons in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It provides an example of how MCA can be applied to C&I in a Forest Certification context both from a 'top-down' perspective as well as in a more 'bottom-up' context

Assessing Exhaust Toxicity with Biological Detector: Configuration of Portable Air-Liquid Interface Human Lung Cell Model Exposure System, Sampling Train and Test Conditions

Air pollution remains to be one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide, with significant share attributed to particulate matter and reactive nitrogen compounds from mobile sources. Due to discrepancies between legislative metrics and health effects, and between laboratory tests and real driving, health-relevant metric applicable to real driving conditions are sought to evaluate the effects of emerging legislation, technologies and fuels. Models of human lung air-liquid interface have been recently explored to simulate effects of exposure to the whole exhaust. In this study, a compact exposure system, utilizing commercially available inserts with 3D in-vitro model of human lung cells, has been designed and fabricated in-house with the vision of mobile use, minimizing size and power consumption. Preliminary tests were done on a Euro 6 direct injection spark ignition engine operating at speeds and throttle positions corresponding to the WLTC cycle. A sample of diluted exhaust was taken from two systems offering dynamic variation of dilution ratio to account for variable exhaust flow: a proportional sampling gravimetric system and from a rotating disc diluter. As expected, nucleation of ~10 nm particles took place at lower (10:1) dilution ratios, however, low dilution ratios may be necessary as the exposure duration is limited to a maximum of hours to several days. The highest particle losses - around 40 % - were in a membrane humidifier, a part of the effort to maintain incubator conditions of 37 C, 80-95 % relative humidity and around 5 % CO2 at the cells. Two types of cell cultures have been exposed over a period of 5 days, with daily exposure consisting of two runs of WLTC, first with a cold start, active cooling of the engine for two hours, and two additional runs of WLTC, with acceptable rate of cell survival. The compact design and choice of components offers a promise for implementation during common laboratory tests and also on the road