Histopathological features of ovarian mass among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in South India

Background: First of all, globally, ovarian tumors are becoming a more common source of morbidity and death. The goal of the current investigation was to ascertain the incidence of different ovarian tumor histological and morphological variants in a tertiary healthcare center in southern India. Methods: The study, which took place in a tertiary healthcare facility in Chennai, involved 89 ovary specimens that were obtained over the course of 18 months (from August 2021 to December 2022) from patients in the obstetrics and gynecology department. The specimens underwent both histological and critical gross examination. Standard H&E-stained paraffin slices were observed. After being organized on proforma, the histology results were examined. Results: A total of 89 patients, ranging in age from 16 to 90, were enrolled in the study. The majority of patients (30.3%) were in the age range of 31 to 40 years. The majority of ovarian tumors were benign, accounting for 58 (65.2%) of the total, while malignant tumors accounted for 25 (28.1%). The most prevalent type of tumors, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were surface epithelial tumors (76.12%), followed by germ cell tumors (18.46%). In the current investigation, one case of metastatic tumors to the ovaries was also identified. Serous cystadenoma 29 (32.6%) was found to be the most prevalent subtype among the many known subtypes of ovarian tumors, followed by papillary serous carcinoma 14 (15.7%). Conclusions: Compared to malignant or borderline tumors, benign ovarian tumors are more common. Surface epithelial tumors are the most prevalent histological subtype of ovarian cancers, followed by germ cell tumors. It's critical to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in order to ensure appropriate treatment and healing. Future research of this kind with a larger sample size is advised

Nanotechnology and global energy demand: challenges and prospects for a paradigm shift in the oil and gas industry.

The exploitation of new hydrocarbon discoveries in meeting the present global energy demand is a function of the availability and application of new technologies. The relevance of new technologies is borne out of the complex subsurface architecture and conditions of offshore petroleum plays. Conventional techniques, from drilling to production, for exploiting these discoveries may require adaption for such subsurface conditions as they fail under conditions of high pressure and high temperature. The oil and gas industry over the past decades has witnessed increased research into the use of nanotechnology with great promise for drilling operations, enhanced oil recovery, reservoir characterization, production, etc. The prospect for a paradigm shift towards the application of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry is constrained by evolving challenges with its progression. This paper gave a review of developments from nano-research in the oil and gas industry, challenges and recommendations

Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from commercially available plant powders and their antibacterial properties

AbstractUse of various plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology, as it does not involve any harmful chemicals. The present study reports that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized from a silver nitrate solution by commercially available plant powders, such as Solanum tricobatum, Syzygium cumini, Centella asiatica and Citrus sinensis. Ag NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The formation and stability of the reduced silver nanoparticles in the colloidal solution were monitored by UV–vis spectrophotometer analysis. The mean particle diameter of silver nanoparticles was calculated from the XRD pattern, according to the line width of the plane, and the refraction peak, using Scherrer’s equation. AFM showed the irregular shapes of Ag NPs, and the formation of silver nanoparticles was found to be 53, 41, 52 and 42 nm, corresponding to Syzygium cumini, Citrus sinensis, Solanum tricobatum and Centella asiatica, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of protein as the stabilizing agent surrounding the Ag NPs. Antimicrobial activity of the silver bio-nanoparticles was performed by a well diffusion method. The highest antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs synthesized by C. sinensis and C. asiatica was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 mm). The Ag NPs synthesized in this process were found to have efficient antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria

Musculoskeletal Discomforts in Papad Industry

Posture and Musculoskeletal DisorderIn developing countries, great efforts are directed towards the development of cottage and small scale industries as the engine for their economic growth.As per the records of the District Industries Centre of Madurai (2013) there are 2933 registered small scale food industries in Madurai. One hundred and fifty papad industry workers were randomly selected for the study from Madurai district. During the survey, it was found that about eighty one per cent of the employees were women. Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) was the major health problem of the workers. Analysis of MSDs reveal that low back pain (95%)was more predominant followed by neck (89%) and shoulder pain (77%).The degree of discomforts of low back pain indicate that extreme level of discomfort was faced by fifty nine per cent of the workers and twenty one per cent indicated severe discomforts. Further analysis of neck pain reveals that one-fourth of the workers had extreme discomfort as against forty six per cent who had severe discomfort. This clearly indicates that the postures adopted in the papad making industries may be the reason for the MSDs. To sustain human progress and well-being, there is an urgent need to tackle these problems of the workers

Abstract 4571: Chronic oxidative stress increases resistance in renal carcinoma cells to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity potentially through epigenetic mechanism

Abstract Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. Regardless of therapeutic advancement, patients with metastatic RCC are failed to clinical treatment due to rapidly developing resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy can be of innate or acquired overtime following exposure to drug and can arise through a number of different intrinsic and extrinsic factors and their interactions. While some reports suggest role of ROS in developing drug resistance, response of cancer cells with chronic exposure to oxidative stress to chemotherapeutic drugs is not known. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of chronic exposure to elevated levels of oxidative stress in human kidney cancer cells. Caki-1 human renal carcinoma cells were given chronic (6 months) exposure to direct ROS source hydrogen peroxide (25 μM and 200 μM). Using these cells the effect of oxidative stress on sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. The result was further confirmed by anchorage independent growth on soft agar and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometer. To understand the molecular mechanism, the expression of genes involved in drug resistance, cell survival, and DNA repair dependent apoptosis were measured by qRT- PCR. Results of MTT, soft agar assay, and cell cycle analysis showed that doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity was significantly less in Caki-1 cells chronically exposed to H2O2 when compare to H2O2 unexposed control cells. The alterations in the expression of genes involved in drug transport further confirmed the increased resistance to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in cells exposed to oxidative stress. Decreased expression of MSH2 gene in cells exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress suggests that loss of DNA repair-dependent apoptosis could be a potential mechanism for increased resistance to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. To further evaluate the role of epigenetic process of DNA methylation in oxidative stress-induced drug resistance, cells were pretreated with demethylating agent 5-aza-2′ deoxycytidine (5-aza 2dC), and then treated with doxorubicin. The pretreatment with 5-aza 2dC significantly resensitized the chronic ROS adapted Caki-1 cells to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and restored the expression of MSH2 gene in these cells. This suggests that epigenetic silencing of MSH2 and therefore DNA repair-dependent apoptosis could be a potential mechanism for oxidative stress-induced resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in renal cancer cells. In summary, this study for the first time provides direct evidence for the role of oxidative stress in chemoresistance in renal carcinoma cells. Additionally, the findings of this study also suggest that epigenetic therapy may be a useful strategy in re-sensitizing the chemotherapeutic resistant RCC cells. Citation Format: Logeswari Ponnusamy, PrathapKumar S. Mahalingaiah, Kamaleshwar P. Singh. Chronic oxidative stress increases resistance in renal carcinoma cells to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity potentially through epigenetic mechanism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4571. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4571</jats:p

Abstract 496: Adaptive response to chronic oxidative stress involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Abstract Though the increased oxidative stress by endogenous and exogenous factors has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism for breast cancer growth and progression, but there is no direct mechanistic evidence for adaptation to ROS-induced toxicity by the breast cancer cells. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of chronic oxidative stress on the growth, survival and tumorigenicity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H202) induced oxidative stress for both acute (48 hrs) and chronic (3 months) period. Cell growth and viability were evaluated by cell count and MTT assay and were confirmed by cell cycle analysis. Expression of genes related to cell cycle, cell survival, and metastasis were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Effect of oxidative stress on tumorigenic phenotype was determined in-vitro by soft agar assay. Results of cell count, MTT and cell cycle analysis revealed increased growth, and survival of MCF-7 cells that was chronically exposed to H2O2. This was further confirmed at molecular level by increased expression of cell cycle and cell survival genes, whereas down-regulation of apoptotic genes. Chronic oxidative stress also increased tumorigenic phenotype and metastatic potential of MCF-7 cells as revealed by increase in soft agar grown colonies and expression of metastasis related genes. Additionally, fibroblast-like appearance with down regulation of epithelial markers, whereas up-regulation of mesenchymal markers in cells with chronic exposure to oxidative stress further suggest that adaptation to chronic oxidative stress by MCF-7 cells involves epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dysregulation of epigenetic regulatory genes expression also suggest potential role of epigenetic mechanism in increased survival and tumorigencity of breast cancer cells.The findings of this study for the first time provided direct evidence for involvement EMT and epigenetic changes in adaptation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to chronic oxidative stress. Results of this study are also highly significant in understanding the mechanism for acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs that are known to produce ROS in breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Prathap Kumar S. Mahalingaiah, Logeswari Ponnusamy, Kamaleshwar P. Singh. Adaptive response to chronic oxidative stress involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 496. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-496</jats:p