EXPLANATION OF THE BASIC FORMULA PRICE PROVISIONS OF THE PROPOSED RULE

An important segment of milk marketing order reform involves replacing the current BFP. This working paper explains the background of the BFP issue, the options considered and the provisions of the proposed rule as related to the BFP issue.Marketing,

DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC FORMULA PRICE POLICY: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S.-CANADIAN TRADE ISSUES

Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,

SOUTHERN REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS AND U.S. AGRICULTURAL LEGISLATION

Agricultural and Food Policy,

SOUTHERN FARMERS EXPOSURE TO INCOME RISK UNDER THE 1996 FARM BILL

Arguably, since the 1930s, what farmers produced has been markedly influenced by farm programs. The 1996 farm bill affects farmers in terms of what they produce and their level of risk exposure. This paper investigates the farm level impacts of the 1996 farm bill on the South. Focus group perceptions of risk sources, observed acreage changes, and the farm level impact of increased price risk are evaluated.Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,

EVALUATION OF "FINAL" FOUR BASIC FORMULA PRICE OPTIONS

Demand and Price Analysis,

Ground-based near-IR observations of the secondary eclipse of CoRoT-2b

We present the results of a ground-based search for the secondary eclipse of the 3.3 Mjup transiting planet CoRoT-2b. We performed near infrared photometry using the LIRIS instrument on the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope, in the H and K_s filters. We monitored the star around two expected secondary eclipses in two nights under very good observing conditions. For the depth of the secondary eclipse we find in H-band a 3 sigma upper limit of 0.17%, whereas we detected a tentative eclipse with a depth of 0.16+-0.09% in the K_s-band. These depths can be translated into brightness temperatures of T_H<2250 K and T_{K_s} = 1890(+260-350) K, which indicate an inefficient re-distribution of the incident stellar flux from the planet's dayside to its nightside. Our results are in agreement with the CoRoT optical measurement (Alonso et al. 09) and with Spitzer 4.5 and 8 micron results (Gillon et al. 09c).Comment: Astronomical Journal, accepte

Constraints on the Spin Evolution of Young Planetary-Mass Companions

Surveys of young star-forming regions have discovered a growing population of planetary-mass (<13 M_Jup) companions around young stars. There is an ongoing debate as to whether these companions formed like planets (that is, from the circumstellar disk), or if they represent the low-mass tail of the star formation process. In this study we utilize high-resolution spectroscopy to measure rotation rates of three young (2-300 Myr) planetary-mass companions and combine these measurements with published rotation rates for two additional companions to provide a look at the spin distribution of these objects. We compare this distribution to complementary rotation rate measurements for six brown dwarfs with masses <20 M_Jup, and show that these distributions are indistinguishable. This suggests that either that these two populations formed via the same mechanism, or that processes regulating rotation rates are independent of formation mechanism. We find that rotation rates for both populations are well below their break-up velocities and do not evolve significantly during the first few hundred million years after the end of accretion. This suggests that rotation rates are set during late stages of accretion, possibly by interactions with a circumplanetary disk. This result has important implications for our understanding of the processes regulating the angular momentum evolution of young planetary-mass objects, and of the physics of gas accretion and disk coupling in the planetary-mass regime.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, published in Nature Astronomy, DOI:10.1038/s41550-017-0325-

A FARM-LEVEL LOOK AT THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE

Relatively low crop prices over the past two years, as well as regional weather adversity, has been the catalyst for the passage of "ad hoc" emergency relief. This paper examines the economic and financial status of 41 representative panel farms over the 1999-2002 period. When forecasting through the life of the 1996 Farm Bill, the representative crop farms are assessed by Texas A&M's Agricultural and Food Policy Center to be in the weakest condition observed over the last decade for liquidity and the related need to refinance.agricultural policy, farm profitability, liquidity, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,

EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED RULE FOR SETTING CLASS III AND CLASS IV MILK PRICES UNDER FEDERAL MILK MARKETING ORDERS

Marketing,