Merancang Router Internet Menggunakan Sistem Operasi Ubuntu

The internet is and the most important source for obtaining information. Internet is closely associated with the world of education. To meet and such facilities, it i s necessary to build a network router connected to the Internet network. The network is expected to be used for means of learning in particular education. This router network construction to continue functioning for a signal from the computer to another computer, as well as security tools such as firewalls are implemented through a router

Effect of restrticted feeding on productivity of Mojosari x Alabio cross-bred layer ducks (MA): 1. First phase of laying 20-43 weeks old

Feed cost is the major cost for duck-egg production which accounted to be more than 70% of total production cost. Feed efficiency of duck-egg production in Indonesia is low. The main reasons for the low feed efficiency (high feed conversion ratio, FCR) are (1) genetic trait (2) high feed wastage and (3) inadequate nutrient content of diet. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of restricted feeding of pelleted diet on Mojosari x Alabio (MA) cross-bred duck performances from 20-43 weeks old. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design. 156 MA cross-bred ducks were devided into three groups and fed three experimental diets: (1) 70%, 85%. and ad libitum. All experimental diets were fed to ducks for 24 weeks and feed intake, egg production, egg weight, FCR, molting and egg quality: egg yolk weight, albumen wight, egg shell weight and egg yolk colour score were measured as parameters. The results showed that the restricted feeding of 70% and 85% significantly (P<0.05) reduced egg production, egg weight and induced early molting but did not adversely affect duck livability and egg quality. MA croos-bred duck was more efficient by feeding ad libitum than the restricted feeding. FCR of duck fed 70% (6.38) was significantly (P<0.05) worst compared to FCR of duck fed 85% (3.68) and ad libitum (2.88).   Key words: Restricted feeding, MA crossbred duck, productivity and egg qualit

The Role of Duck as The National Producer of Egg and Meat

Ducks produce egg, meat and feather. Egg is the main product of ducks for Indonesian communities. Duck farming produced eggs approximately 180,000 ton or equal to 16% of national egg production in 2005. Ducks also contributed 38,700 tons of meat or 3% of national poultry meat production or equal to 2% of national meat production. Besides egg and meat, duck farming also produced 269.4 tons of feather valued at US $ 294,800. All of those duck commodities were produced by 35 million of hearded ducks. Hearded ducks productivity were approximately 100 – 150 eggs/hen/year which were considered to be much lower than confined ducks productivity which were recorded at average of 253 eggs/hen/year. There are known several local Indonesian ducks which showing highly variable egg productivities. Various technologies are potential to be implemented by duck farmers to improve their duck-egg production. The improvement can be achieved by implementing breeding and nutrition technologies such as replacing the old hens with selected local duck breeds, feeding appropriate diets and implementing good management practices in their farms.   Key words: Duck, role, egg, meat, technolog

Nutrient Requirement of Egg and Meat Type Duck

Ducks in Indonesia play roles in producing egg and meat. More than 19% of egg consumption were produced by ducks, however as meat source they only contributed 0.94% of total meat supply in Indonesia. Feed and feeding management are very important in duck farming as 70% of total production cost of egg and meat-type ducks accounted for  feed cost. Unfortunately, nutrient requirements for the Indonesian ducks were limited. Therefore, overseas nutrient recommendation may be used. Water is the most important nutrient for poultry including duck, therefore quantity and quality of water are very important to be considered in feeding ducks. There are various local feeds available in Indonesia to be used as duck diets. Quality of feed is very important in duck farm as the ducks is very sensitive to aflatoxin poison. The maximum safe level of aflatoxin in the diet was to be less than 40 µg/kg.   Key words. Duck, egg, meat, feed and nutrien

Klasifikasi Inceptisol Pada Ketinggian Tempat Yang Berbeda Di Kecamatan Lintong Nihuta Kabupaten Hasundutan

This research aims to classify inceptisol soil at sub-district of Lintong Ni Huta, Regency ofHumbang Hasudutan on the various elevation. On the elevation of 1200-1300, 1300-1400, 1400-1500, and >1500m on above sea level. The sampling of soil was took at 3 soil profile holes on FieldMap unit and Key to Soil Taxonomy 2010 . Of the result of this research, it obtain the classification ofprofile 1, 2, and 3 with Ordo, Sub Ordo, and Great Groupin the same is Inceptisol, Udept,and Dystrudept. OnSub Group category the classification of profile 1 is Psammentic Dystrudept. On Sub Group category theclassification of profile 2 is Pachic Dystrudept. On Sub Group category the classification of profile 3 isFluventic Dystrudept

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF FIBER HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES IN THE EXTRACT OF TERMITES (Glyptotermes montanus) FOR POULTRY FEED APPLICATION

Foot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici had been reported in Batangas and Laguna, Philippines. The plant was recovered following the application of crop residue (organic substrate) and intercropping with other crops. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the soil mycoflora from the rhizosphere of black pepper grown on various cropping patterns in Batangas and Laguna. Antagonistic activity of mycoflora isolates was tested against P. capsici using dual culture technique. The result showed that 149 colonies of soil mycoflora isolated were belonging to 14 genera; three of them, i.e. Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus, were the most dominant. All of the mycoflora isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen. Eighteen of them were the most promising antagonists, based on their inhibition growth of more than 60%. It is suggested that antagonistic mechanism of Mucor isolate (1001), Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, 181), Gliocladium (109), Cunninghamella (165, 168), Mortierella (177), and Aspergillus (106) was space competitor (competition for nutrient) since they rapidly overgrew the pathogen. Aspergillus (67, 79, 81, 83, 108, and 202) isolates inhibited the pathogen apparently by producing antibiotic, whereas Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, and 181) isolates were able to penetrate the hyphae of the pathogen. The organic matter percentage in the soil was significantly correlated with the number of antagonistic mycoflora in rhizosphere (R2 = 0.1094), but the cropping pattern wPoultry are not able to digest fiber in the diet. Hydrolytic enzymes including cellulases and hemicellulases have been used as poultry feed supplement. Termites (Glyptotermes montanus) have the ability to digest wood that contains high fiber. The purpose of this experiment was to identify the cellulase and hemicellulase of termite extract. The hydrolytic (saccharification) activity of the termite extract on feedstuffs was then evaluated. It contained high endo-β-D-1,4-glucanase (CMCase) activity, but the activities of avicelase, β-D-1,4-mannanase, β- D-1,4-xylanase, and β-D-1,4-glucosidase were very low. The activities of the enzymes were higher in the fresh extract than those extracted after drying at 40oC with blower oven. CMCase (as cellulase), β-D-1,4-mannanase (as hemicellulase), and β-D- 1,4-glucosidase (as glycosidase) were reevaluated further to determine the optimum pH and temperatures for maximum activities. The optimum pH for CMCase, β-D-1,4-mannanase, and β-D-1,4-glucosidase were 6.2, 5.0, and 5.8 respectively, while the optimum temperatures were 45-50oC, 50-55oC, and 42-45oC, respectively. The enzyme mixture or cocktail was more appropriate in digesting feedstuffs with high lignocellulose (fiber) such as rice bran and pollard than feedstuffs with more soluble starch such as soybean and corn meals. The extracted enzyme could be immobilized with pollard, but CMCase recovery was low (28.6%), while β-D-1,4-mannanase and β-D-1,4-glucosidase recoveries were 89.2% and 272.9%, respectively. Termite extract contained enzyme cocktails of lignocellulases that potentially be used as feed supplement. However, its use is limited by its low activity.as negatively correlated. This study suggests that organic matter increased antagonistic mycoflora in black pepper rhizosphere, which will reduce severity of the disease

OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULASE PRODUCTION WITH PENICILLIUM NALGIOVENSE Sll GROWN ON PRETREATED WHEAT POLLARD

The cellulase production with Penicillium nalgiovense S11 on wheat pollard was enhanced using substrate pretreatments, i.e.: (i) mechanic process by Wiley milling, (ii) reducing sugars removal by water soaking, and (iii) chemical pretrcatment by 0.5% NaOH soaking at 100°C. The enzyme production stated as enzyme activities of all prctrcated substrates were higher than the untreated substrate. Although soaking with water showed significant increase in enzyme activities, the highest CMCase (EC 3.2.1.4), FPase (filter papcrase) and p-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) were observed on NaOH pretreated pollard. The NaOH prctreatment also enhanced the enzyme production by increasing substrate concentration from 2 to 4%. The optimal incubation time in the cellulase production on 4% NaOH-pretrcated pollard was observed on the fifth day. Addition of 250 ppm glucose also increased the enzyme activities. The optimal treatments increased the specific activities of CMCase, FPase, and |3-glucosidase into 60, 4, and 198  times, respectively, as compared to the specific activities on 2% unpretreated pollard. Keywords  :   Cellulase production/ pollard pretreatments/ water soaking/ NaOH  soakin