731 research outputs found
Variable damping and coherence in a high-density magnon gas
We report on the fast relaxation behavior of a high-density magnon gas
created by a parametric amplification process. The magnon gas is probed using
the technique of spin-wave packet recovery by parallel parametric pumping.
Experimental results show a damping behavior which is in disagreement with both
the standard model of exponential decay and with earlier observations of
non-linear damping. In particular, the inherent magnon damping is found to
depend upon the presence of the parametric pumping field. A phenomenological
model which accounts for the dephasing of the earlier injected magnons is in
good agreement with the experimental data
Exact Solution of a Jamming Transition: Closed Equations for a Bootstrap Percolation Problem
Jamming, or dynamical arrest, is a transition at which many particles stop
moving in a collective manner. In nature it is brought about by, for example,
increasing the packing density, changing the interactions between particles, or
otherwise restricting the local motion of the elements of the system. The onset
of collectivity occurs because, when one particle is blocked, it may lead to
the blocking of a neighbor. That particle may then block one of its neighbors,
these effects propagating across some typical domain of size named the
dynamical correlation length. When this length diverges, the system becomes
immobile. Even where it is finite but large the dynamics is dramatically
slowed. Such phenomena lead to glasses, gels, and other very long-lived
nonequilibrium solids. The bootstrap percolation models are the simplest
examples describing these spatio-temporal correlations. We have been able to
solve one such model in two dimensions exactly, exhibiting the precise
evolution of the jamming correlations on approach to arrest. We believe that
the nature of these correlations and the method we devise to solve the problem
are quite general. Both should be of considerable help in further developing
this field.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Properties of cage rearrangements observed near the colloidal glass transition
We use confocal microscopy to study the motions of particles in concentrated
colloidal systems. Near the glass transition, diffusive motion is inhibited, as
particles spend time trapped in transient ``cages'' formed by neighboring
particles. We measure the cage sizes and lifetimes, which respectively shrink
and grow as the glass transition approaches. Cage rearrangements are more
prevalent in regions with lower local concentrations and higher disorder.
Neighboring rearranging particles typically move in parallel directions,
although a nontrivial fraction move in anti-parallel directions, usually from
pairs of particles with initial separations corresponding to the local maxima
and minima of the pair correlation function , respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; text & figures revised in v
Simulation studies of a phenomenological model for elongated virus capsid formation
We study a phenomenological model in which the simulated packing of hard,
attractive spheres on a prolate spheroid surface with convexity constraints
produces structures identical to those of prolate virus capsid structures. Our
simulation approach combines the traditional Monte Carlo method with a modified
method of random sampling on an ellipsoidal surface and a convex hull searching
algorithm. Using this approach we identify the minimum physical requirements
for non-icosahedral, elongated virus capsids, such as two aberrant flock house
virus (FHV) particles and the prolate prohead of bacteriophage , and
discuss the implication of our simulation results in the context of recent
experimental findings. Our predicted structures may also be experimentally
realized by evaporation-driven assembly of colloidal spheres
What do emulsification failure and Bose-Einstein condensation have in common?
Ideal bosons and classical ring polymers formed via self-assembly, are known
to have the same partition function, and so analogous phase transitions. In
ring polymers, the analogue of Bose-Einstein condensation occurs when a ring
polymer of macroscopic size appears. We show that a transition of the same
general form occurs within a whole class of systems with self-assembly, and
illustrate it with the emulsification failure of a microemulsion phase of
water, oil and surfactant. As with Bose-Einstein condensation, the transition
occurs even in the absence of interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, typeset with EUROTeX, uses epsfi
The Probability Distribution Function of Column Density in Molecular Clouds
(Abridged) We discuss the probability distribution function (PDF) of column
density resulting from density fields with lognormal PDFs, applicable to
isothermal gas (e.g., probably molecular clouds). We suggest that a
``decorrelation length'' can be defined as the distance over which the density
auto-correlation function has decayed to, for example, 10% of its zero-lag
value, so that the density ``events'' along a line of sight can be assumed to
be independent over distances larger than this, and the Central Limit Theorem
should be applicable. However, using random realizations of lognormal fields,
we show that the convergence to a Gaussian is extremely slow in the high-
density tail. Thus, the column density PDF is not expected to exhibit a unique
functional shape, but to transit instead from a lognormal to a Gaussian form as
the ratio of the column length to the decorrelation length increases.
Simultaneously, the PDF's variance decreases. For intermediate values of
, the column density PDF assumes a nearly exponential decay. We then
discuss the density power spectrum and the expected value of in actual
molecular clouds. Observationally, our results suggest that may be
inferred from the shape and width of the column density PDF in
optically-thin-line or extinction studies. Our results should also hold for gas
with finite-extent power-law underlying density PDFs, which should be
characteristic of the diffuse, non-isothermal neutral medium (temperatures
ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand degrees). Finally, we note that
for , the dynamic range in column density is small
( a factor of 10), but this is only an averaging effect, with no
implication on the dynamic range of the underlying density distribution.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures (10 postscript files). Accepted in ApJ.
Eliminated implication that ratio of column length to correlation length
necessarily increases with resolution, and thus that 3D simulations are
unresolved. Added discussion of dependence of autocorrelation function with
parameters of the turbulenc
Reactivity of Fe(III)-containing pyrophosphate salts with phenolics: complexation, oxidation, and surface interaction
Формирование приоритетов интенсификации факторов производства угольного предприятия на основе структурно-иерархического анализа
Проведено оцінку взаємного впливу чинників виробництва і пріоритетів їх формування на базі підприємств вугільної галузі на основі структурно-ієрархічного підходу. Обґрунтовано можливості йі умови аналізу багатоваріантності впливів чинників праці і капіталу на зниження трудомісткості і капіталомісткості очисних робіт. Доведено доцільність застосування методу аналізу ієрархій, за допомогою якого побудовано матриці парних порівнянь.
Ключові слова: інтенсифікація чинників виробництва, матриця попарних порівнянь, метод аналізу ієрархій, структурно-ієрархічний метод, чинники виробництва.Проведена оценка взаимного влияния факторов производства и приоритетов их формирования на базе предприятий угольной отрасли на основе структурно-иерархического подхода. Обоснованы возможности и условия анализа многовариантности воздействия факторов труда и капитала на снижение трудоемкости и капиталоемкости очистных работ. Доказана целесообразность применения метода анализа иерархий, с помощью которого построены матрицы парных сравнений.
Ключевые слова: интенсификация факторов производства, матрица попарных сравнений, метод анализа иерархий, структурно-иерархический метод, факторы производства.In new economics which is based on the knowledge system the level and complicity of innovation development of industrial complexenterprise is determined by such deep transformational phenomena as change of structure of technological modes in world economy, change of qualitative and quantitative proportions of production factors and, in particular, intensification of production factors, which is able to solve such actual problem as migration to primary intensive way of development. That is why the purpose of this research is development and improvement of methodological approach to formation of priority variants of production factors intensification on the basis of method of hierarchies analysis. For solution ofthis task the method of hierarchies analysis is usedwhich is systematic procedure for hierarchical expressing the elements determining the essence of any problem.
The assessment of mutual influence of production factors and priorities of their formation by the example of coal industry enterprise on the basis of structural-hierarchic approach is given in the article. On the basis of structural-hierarchic approach the criteriawere formed, which, each in different ways and with different level of intensity, make influence on meaning of coal enterprise factors. There were proved the possibilities and conditions of multipart influence of labor factors and capital on decrease of labor and capital intensity of coal-face works, which will allow giving rise in increasing effectiveness while securing necessary labor safety. Practicability of method of hierarchies analysis, with the help of which the comparison-of-pairs matrix were built, was proved. Investigation conducted allowed choosing the directions of capital investments for the purpose of getting maximum effect.
Keywords: production factors intensification, comparison-of-pairs matrix, method of hierarchies analysis, structural-hierarchic method, production factors
Shape-Induced Frustration of Hexagonal Order in Polyhedral Colloids\ud
The effect of a nonspherical particle shape and shape polydispersity on the structure of densely packed hard colloidal particles was studied in real space by confocal microscopy. We show that the first layer at the wall of concentrated size-monodisperse but shape-polydisperse polyhedral colloids exhibits significant deviations from a hexagonal lattice. These deviations are identified as bond-orientational fluctuations which lead to percolating “mismatch lines.” While the shape-induced geometrical frustration of the hexagonal symmetry suppresses translational order, bond-orientational order is clearly retained, indicating a hexaticlike structure of the polyhedral colloid
Locally finite groups containing a 2 -element with Chernikov centralizer
Suppose that a locally finite group G has a 2-element g with Chernikov centralizer. It is proved that if the involution in ⟨g⟩ has nilpotent centralizer, then G has a soluble subgroup of finite index
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