Development and characterisation of biodegradable film from natural polymers

This study is focused on the preparation of silk fibroin based bio degradable films with the combination of variousconcentrations of chitosan (1:1 and 2:1), which is used as a drug releasing model. Scanning electronic microscope has beenused to observe the morphology of prepared films and the chemical compounds are studied by Fourier transform infrared.Required properties for successful wound dressing such as water uptake %, thickness, folding endurance and waterabsorption capacity are examined. Also, the mechanical strength (tensile strength and elasticity), liquid culture test,% degradation, folding endurance and water uptakes of the films are analysed gravimetrically. Antimicrobial activity againstEscherichia coli is evaluated quantitatively using Agar diffusion test (AATCC 100) and liquid culture test (BS EN ISO-14119, 2003). The obtained films are found homogenous without phase separation. The traces of both silk fibroin andchitosan are found evenly distributed in the film. Blend proportion of 2:1 shows rougher surface, and better results in term ofantibacterial property are obtained against Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli

Studies on lignocellulose biodegradation of coir waste in solid state fermentation using Phanerocheate chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer

The solid state fermentation is one of the most economically viable processes for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic coir waste is represented by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer. Coir pith is a waste lignocellusic material; it consists of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and protein. The two fungal cultures are able to synthesis varying quantities of lignocellulytic enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, ligninase, and protease, laccase and lignin peroxidase) that are required for substrate bioconversion. For example, P. chrysosporium produces two extracelluler enzymes (laccase and lignin peroxidase). They have been associated with lignin depolymerisation in other fungi. Fermentation was carried out over 35 days and the bioconverted sample was analyzed at 7 days intervals, the highest and most significant lignocellulytic enzyme activity (P < 0.05) as well as lignocellulosic compound (P < 0.05) conversion was observed on day 35 in P. chrysosporium and coculture mediated fermentation. P.chrysosporium and coculture was more efficient than R. stolonifer. The maximum amount of laccase and lignin peroxidase produced by P. chrysosporium and coculture was approximately (5 and 8.1 IU/ml, respectively) after 28 days of fermentation

Anaesthesia mumps after total laparoscopic hysterectomy under general anaesthesia

Anaesthesia mumps is a rare clinical entity characterised by acute transient swelling of the parotid gland in postoperative period. In our case a 58 years obese lady developed left sided parotid swelling which was managed conservatively and settled without any sequelae. In this article we discuss possible causes, differential diagnosis and treatment for this condition. This is to increase awareness about this relatively unknown condition amongst anaesthetist and surgeons and to avoid unnecessarily apprehension in post-operative period

A Study on Diagnostic Methodology of Uthiravaathasronithum in the Context of Ennvagai Thervugal

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: AIM: Vaatha is one of the prime humour. Any derangement in vaatha humour due to seasonal variation, Dietary factors , habits and activities cause vaatha disease. It affects manily low motor system. Yugimunivar classified vaatha disease under 80 diseases. Uthiravaathasronithum is one of the eighty types of the vaatha disease. I have selected uthiravaathasronithum for my study. The aim is to study and evaluate the significance of siddha parameters in the diagnosis of uthiravaathasronithum. OBJECTIVES: The aim is to establish the following objectives. Primary objectives: 1. To study the role of ennvagai thervu in the diagnosis of uthiravaathasronithum. 2. To review the literature about uthiravaathasronithum. 3. To evaluate the etiology of uthiravaathasronithum. 4. To study in detail about etiopathogenesis of uthiravaathasronithum. Secondary objectives: 1. To establish the link of uthiravaathasronithum with manikadai nool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MATERIALS: The clinical study and uthiravaathasronithum was carried in the out patients in post graduate department of Noi naadal at Govt Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. 25 cases with clinical signs and symptoms of uthiravaathasronithum of both sex of all different ages were studied under the guidance of faculities of post graduate department. Selection of Patients: The clinical study was done in cases, out of that 25 cases were selected on the basis of clinical symptom indicated in the Siddha text. SELECTION CRITERIA: INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Above the age of 16. 2. Both sexs. 3. Pain and swelling of smaller joints. 4. Symmetrical arthritis. 5. Morning stiffness. 6. RA factor positive/negative. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Unilateral joint pain. 2. Osteo arthritis. 3. Trauma. 4. Post viral arthralgia. 5. Associated with other major illness. METHODOLOGY: Study Design: Observational type of study. Study Enrollment: In the study, patients reporting at the OPD & IPD of Govt Siddha Hospital with the clinical symptoms of “Uthiravaathasronithum” will be referred to the Research group. Those patients will be screened using the screening proforma (Form-I) and examined clinically for enrolling in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the inclusion criteria the patients will be included first and excluded from the study on the same day if they hit the exclusion criteria. • The patients who are to be enrolled would be informed (Form IV-A) about the study, and the objectives of the study in the language and terms understandable for them. • After ascertaining the patients’ willingness, a written informed consent would be obtained from them in the consent form (Form IV). • All these patients will be given unique registration card in which patients’ Registration number of the study, Address, Phone number and Doctors phone number etc. will be given, so as to report to research group easily if any complication arises. • Complete clinical history, complaints and duration, examination findings all would be recorded in the prescribed proforma in the history and clinical assessment forms separately. Screening Form- I will be filled up; Form I-A, Form –II and Form –III will be used for recording the patients’ history, clinical examination of symptoms and signs and lab investigations respectively. Investigations during the Study: The patients will be subjected to basic laboratory parameters during the study. Treatment during The Study: Normal treatment procedure followed in GSMC will be prescribed to the study patients and the treatment will be provided at free of cost. Study Period: 1. Total period - 1yr. 2. Recruitment for the study - Upto 10 months. 3. Data entry analysis - 1 month. 4. Report preparation and submission - 1 month. CONCLUSION: Uthiravaathasronithum can be diagnosed via clinical history and clinical symptoms The disease can be confirmed by following modern parameters Elevated ESR, RA factor, Elevated CRP and radiological examination. Ennvagai thervu reveals the deranged humor of the disease, severity of the disease, diagnostic and prognostic value of the disease and fate of the disease. In ennvagai thervu Naa, sparisam, Naadi and neikuri has significantly helped in the diagnosing disease uthiravaathasronithum. The disease can be effectively managed through Siddha medicine. The quality of life will be good. Reduced intake of bitter, sour, and astringent will reduce the severity of the disease uthiravaathasronithum. This study on “uthiravaathasronithum” may be correlated with “Rheumatoid arthritis which had given relevance to modern clinical entity

Acceptance of postplacental intrauterine contraceptive device: recent increase in trend

Background: IUCD is a temporary method of contraception in use for many years. Our main objective is to find the acceptance of (postplacental intrauterine contraceptive device) PPIUCD in recent years.Methods: Retrospective Analysis was carried out to collect information regarding IUCD insertion in all women delivered at semi urban based medical college in Tamil Nadu from April 2014 to March 2016.Results: Total women delivered in our hospital were 20949 over a period of two years. Two year comparative study revealed significant increase in acceptance of PPIUCD insertion among primipara from 39.1% TO 68.9%. Acceptance of PPIUCD in primipara was 51.6% in first year (April 2014 to March 2015) to 87.8% in second year (April 2015 to March 2016).Most of the women were in the age group of 20 to 29 years (81.5%).Conclusions: The present study being retrospective analysis showed sudden increase in coverage rate of PPIUCD from 2014-2015 to 2015-2016. Though the patients were motivated in the same way throughout the period, training and motivation given to the staff nurses and duty doctors in the labour ward for PPIUCD insertion and daily review instead of weekly had brought the significant increase in the coverage. This clearly shows the role of service provider in the success of a national program though acceptor is always ready in most of the times

Estimation of Soil Moisture for Different Crops Using SAR Polarimetric Data

Soil moisture is an essential factor that influences agricultural productivity and hydrological processes. Soil moisture estimation using field detection methods takes time and is challenging. However, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, soil moisture parameters become easier to detect. In microwave remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data helps to retrieve soil moisture from more considerable depths because of its high penetration capability and the illumination power of its light source. This study aims to process the SAR Sentinel-1A data and estimate soil moisture using the Water Cloud Model (WCM). Many physical and empirical models have been developed to determine soil moisture from microwave remote sensing platforms. However, the Water Cloud Model gives more accurate results. In this study, the WCM model is used for mixed crop types. The experimental soil moisture was determined from in-situ soil samples collected from various agricultural areas. The soil backscattering values corresponding to the different soil sampling locations were derived from Sentinel SAR data. Using linear regression analysis, the laboratory's soil moisture results and soil backscattering values were correlated to arrive at a model. The model was validated using a secondary set of in-situ moisture content values taken during the same period. The R2 and RMSE of the model were observed to be 0.825 and 0.0274, respectively, proving a strong correlation between the experimental soil moisture and satellite-derived soil moisture for mixed crop field types. This paper explains the methodology for arriving at a model for soil moisture estimation. This model helps to recommend suitable crop types in large, complex areas based on predicted moisture content. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-08 Full Text: PD

Fetal kidney length as a parameter for determination of gestational age in pregnancy

Background: Establishing the gestational age of the fetus, especially in late trimester is a challenge to aptly treat the pregnant woman. Ultrasound parameters like BPD, HC, AC & FL in second and third trimesters are not very reliable for dating the pregnancy. Fetal kidney length has been studied and shown to strongly correlate with the gestational age in late trimesters even in IUGR fetuses.Methods: The present study evaluated the role of kidney length in determining the gestation age with the study population of 60 pregnant women between 24 - 36 weeks of gestation whose pregnancies were dated accurately by early dating scan. Length of the nearer kidney was measured in centimeters, 4 weekly in the longitudinal axis along with other biometric indices.Results: According to the observations, the mean deviation from the gestational age at all the weeks is least for KL. The result indicates that the kidney length in the present study correlated well with the assigned gestational age and found almost same as all the ultrasound biometric parameters put together.  Conclusions: Kidney length can be used as an individual parameter in estimating gestational age, especially in later trimesters, where biometric indices may not be much reliable

4-Chloro-2-[(2,6-diisopropyl­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]phenol

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H22ClNO, contains two independent mol­ecules in which the dihedral angles between the aromatic rings are 76.45 (9) and 74.69 (9)°. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs in each mol­ecule. The crystal structure features weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Prevalence of menstrual morbidity in adolescents girls: a cross sectional study

Background: Menstruation is said to be a physiological process in women. The word ‘menstruation’ was derived from a Latin word ‘menses’. Menstrual dysfunction was found to affect 75% of adolescent girls which includes dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia and irregular cycles. Premenstrual syndrome constitutes a group of physical and emotional symptoms which occurs one week before menstrual cycle. It was found to be a cycle disorder which appears in the luteal phase. Adolescent girls are at high risk of developing premenstrual syndrome. Because of menstrual dysfunction and premenstrual syndrome, the adolescent girls are at high risk of menstrual morbidity.Methods: After getting approval from institutional ethical committee of Madras Medical College, the study was carried out in adolescent girls. The study was carried out by giving questionnaire in nearly 505 students for the duration of 6 months. The study participants were explained about the study. The questionnaire was structured so as to obtain information regarding the age at menarche, duration of cycle, awareness about menstruation, source of information regarding menstruation, practices during menstrual cycles, regarding menstrual problems and treatment practices.Results: The average age of participants was 17 years with an SD of 1.5. of 505 participants, about 6% had 45 days frequency, 10% had 38 days frequency and 2% had 60 days frequency of menstrual cycle. It was found around 1% had 8 days duration and 3% had 9 days duration of menstrual cycle. About 13% of Participants had mild flow, 7% had severe flow and 20% had variable quantity of menstrual flow.Conclusions: From this study, it was found that menstrual dysfunction were prevalent among adolescent girls. These were found to cause menstrual morbidity among adolescent girls. Hence it is necessary to educate and create awareness about menstrual morbidity among adolescent girls.

(E)-4-Bromo-2-[(2,6-diisopropyl­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]phenol

In the title compound, C19H22BrNO, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 76.17 (14)° and an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond with an S(6) graph-set motif is present. One methyl group is disordered over two sets of sites with site occupancies of 0.66 (3) and 0.34 (3). A weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action is observed in the crystal structure