Restricting Barrier and Finding the Shortest Path in Wireless Sensor Network Using Mobile Sink

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of spatially deployed in wireless sensors. In general, sensing field could contain various barriers which cause loss of information transferring towards the destination. As a remedy, this proposed work presents an energy-efficient routing mechanism based on cluster in mobile sink. The scope of this work is to provide a mobile sink in a single mobile node which begins data-gathering from starting stage, then immediately collects facts from cluster heads in single-hop range and subsequently, it returns to the starting stage. During the movement of the mobile sink if the barrier exists in the sensing field it can be detected using Spanning graph and Grid based techniques. The possible locations for the mobile sink movement can be reduced easily by Spanning graph. At last, Barrier avoidance-shortest route was established for mobile sink using Dijkstra algorithm. The Distributed location information is collected using a Timer Bloom Filter Aggregation (TBFA) scheme. In the TBFA scheme, the location information of Mobile node (MNs) is maintained by Bloom filters by each Mobile agent (MA). Since the propagation of the whole Bloom filter for every Mobile node (MN) movement leads to high signaling overhead, each Mobile agent (MA) only propagates changed indexes in the Bloom filter when a pre-defined timer expires. To verify the performance of the TBFA scheme, an analytical model is developed on the signaling overhead and the latency and devise an algorithm to select an appropriate timer value. Extensive simulation and Network Simulator 2(NS2) results are given to show the accuracy of analytical models and effectiveness of the proposed method

Immunoexpression of VEGF in Endometrial Carcinoma and Its Histopathological Correlation

INTRODUCTION : Endometrial carcinoma is the third most common malignancy of female genital tract. Established prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma include histological grade, depth of myometrial invasion and extra uterine spread. Of these Angiogenesis plays an important role in the uncontrolled proliferation, invasion and metastasis of carcinoma and VEGF is one of the most known promoters of angiogenesis. Cytoplasmic expression of VEGF is a measure of therapeutic significance and it measures the aggressiveness of malignancy. AIM : To study the spectrum of histomorphology of Endometrial carcinoma with special reference to immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in Endometrial carcinoma. METHODS : This is a prospective study undertaken for a period of one year. Total of 32 cases of Endometrial carcinoma were studied Histopathologically and the Immunoexpression of VEGF in Endometrial carcinoma was correlated. RESULTS : Among the 32 cases Type I Endometrial carcinoma were 20 cases and Type II were 12 cases. Mean age of the present study is 54.96 years. In the 20 cases of Type I endometrial carcinoma 12 were of well differentiated grade which showed weak or moderate in positivity to VEGF. In the 12 case of Type II Endometrial carcinoma 8 were of Uterine papillary serous carcinoma , 3 were clear cell carcinoma and 1 was carcinosarcoma which strongly positive to VEGF. CONCLUSION : Angiogeneic activity in Endometrial carcinoma assessed by VEGF expression correlated well with tumour grading and appears to play an important role in endometrial carcinoma angiogenesis and indicates prognosis of patients. KEY WORDS

Detection of mecA Gene and Identification of Potential Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Hospital Wastewater Samples

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of hospital infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) tends to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. High-level resistance to antibiotics is caused by the mecA gene, which encodes an alternative penicillin-binding protein, PBP 2a. The present study was aimed to detect mecA in potential Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in clinical wastewater. Three hospital wastewater samples were collected and the bacteria were isolated in manitol salt agar (MSA) medium. PCR was performed and sequencing was done to screen the clinical bacterial isolates. Antibiotic resistance was also tested at the levels of 50, 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL ampicillin. The sequences were analyzed using BLAST (NCBI) and EMBOSS Needle tool (EMBL-EBI). DNA extracted from these bacterial isolates amplified further with mecA gene specific primers. Randomly selected two bacterial isolates of Polgahawela hospital effluent were able to grow at 200 μg/mL ampicillin. Sequence analysis of amplified mecA gene product of these two bacterial isolates showed sequence similarity with the penicillin-binding protein (mecA) gene of Staphylococcus aureus strain and methicillin-resistance gene region of Staphylococcus sciuri 28C with 95% and 96% identity respectively. Pairwise alignment results proved 89.6% sequence similarity between the two sequences. In conclusion, potential methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) along with Staphylococcus sciuri was able to detect only in the clinical effluent collected from Polgahawela base hospital

Survey on Secure Mining of Association Rules in Vertically Distributed Databases

A distributed database system is a collection of sites connected on a common high bandwidth network. Logically, data belongs to the same system but physically it is spread over the sites of the network, making the distribution invisible to the user. The advantage of this distribution resides in achieving availability, performance, modularity and reliability. In this paper, I have done a survey of papers related to Mining of Association Rules over distributed databases. From this survey, we have come up with a proposed solution to address the problem of secure mining of association rules where transactions are distributed in vertically distributed databases. Each site holds some attributes of each transaction and the sites wish to participate in the identification of globally valid association rules However, the sites should not reveal individual transaction data. The Protocol is based on Apriori Algorithm [2] and MultiParty Algorithm [3] for efficiently discovering frequent item sets with minimum support levels, without either site communicating individual transaction values. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15035

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE ON AYAPODI ELAGAM - A SIDDHA HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION IN WISTER ALBINO RATS

Ayapodi Elagam (A.E) was used in Siddha system of medicine for many years to treat Pandu (Anemia). This medicine contains Nellikai, Keezhanelli, Karisalai and Ayam. These herbs are helps to improve the blood to correct the anemia. This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and chronic toxic effect on Ayapodi Elagam and to determine the LD50. The toxicity study was done as per the guidelines of world health organization (WHO) guideline. As the herbs and Ayam were used for treating anemia by traditional practitioners for years together, the toxicity study was also proposed to study in both sexes. In acute study the animals were divided into two groups A.E was administered at 5000mg/kg orally and animals were observed for toxic sign at 0,5,1,4,24 hour and for 14 days. In chronic toxicity study A.E was administered at 450,900 and 1800 mg/kg body weight/day to 3 groups of animal, respectively. The distilled water was administered to control animals. The result showed that the acute toxicity study of A.E. at the dose level of 5000mg/kg does not produce any toxic sign and mortality among the experimental groups and the LD50 value of the drug was found to be more than 5000mg/kg bodyweight. The weight of rats, wellness parameters, mortality, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters and histological analysis of all vital organs were observed to know the chronic toxic effect of the drug. All the parameters of the study do not show the any significant chances between the control and experimental groups

Sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Men who have sex with Men (MSM) have a higher prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) than the heterosexual men. In India, NACP recommendations to reduce HIV prevalence among MSM include early detection of HIV and other STI by screening and treatment. We conducted a study of STIs among MSM attending our OPD. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of STIs in MSM attending our OPD.Methods: 1215 MSM among 9008 patients who attended our OPD between June 2015 and May 2016 were included in the study. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination carried out. Urethral discharge and urine samples were tested for Gonococcal infection. Smears from ulcers were tested for Syphilis, Chancroid, Herpes and Donovanosis. Serum samples were tested for HIV and other STIs like Syphilis and Herpes.Results: Among 1215 MSMs, 55 (4.5%) tested positive for VDRL and TPHA and 33 (2.7%) tested positive for HIV. 24 (2%) had urethritis (10 GU and 14 NGU), 15 (1.25%) had Balanophosthitis, 12 (1%) had genital herpes, 9 (0.75%) had genital scabies, 6 (0.5%) had Genital Wart and 2 (0.16%) had Molluscum contagiosum. Prevalence of these STIs were far higher in MSMs than in heterosexual men.Conclusions: This study highlights the higher prevalence of STIs among MSMs and the need for early intervention and treatment in this high-risk population