10 research outputs found

    In vitro ruminal fermentation and fatty acid production by various oil seeds

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    Rumen simulating techniques (Rusitec) were used to determine the impact of diets containing milled oilseeds on the fermentation parameters and amount of fatty acids (FA) in the effluent. High-forage diets containing no oilseeds (control diet (CD)) or 10% oilseed meal from rapeseed (RS), sunflower seed (SS), or flaxseed (FS) were used on a dry matter (DM) basis. No differences in DM digestibility were observed between the diets. Inclusion of SS and FS significantly reduced the pH values of the ruminal fluid, and a significant decline in the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (mg/d) production in effluent was observed in the vessels with SS. Generally, oilseeds in these diets significantly reduced the amount of total fermentation gases (L/d); however, only a tendency toward methane (CH4, %) decrease was detected. The addition of oilseeds also significantly diminished the amount of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced (mmol/d). Significant reductions in the amounts of saturated FA in the vessels with RS and FS were observed compared with the CD and a significantly higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was noted in the vessels with RS. An increased amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), compared with the CD, was statistically significant only in the vessels with FS.Keywords: Flaxseed, high-forage diet, methane, rapeseed, sunflower see

    Effects of drying procedures on chemical composition and nutritive value of alfalfa forage

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    The effects of various drying procedures of alfalfa forage were evaluated on chemical composition, in vitro neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, in situ DM, organic matter and crude protein (CP) degradability. The alfalfa had been harvested in the spring growth (early bud and flowering) and first regrowth (late bud and late flowering) periods. The samples were dried at 30 °C (T30), 40 °C (T40), 50 °C (T50), 60 °C (T60) and 100 °C (T100) in a forced-air oven or frozen for one month and then freeze-dried (TFD) or oven-dried at 50 °C (TFREE). Another drying procedure included pre-treatment by heating in a microwave oven (TMO) or in a forced-air oven at 100 °C for 1 hour (T100+50) and then oven-dried at 50 °C. The freeze-drying method was chosen as a reference method. Freeze-dried samples had the lowest NDF, acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) and acid detergent insoluble protein contents (P <0.05). Additionally, freeze-dried products had the highest CP, in vitro true digestibility of DM and CP degradability values (P <0.05). There was no added benefit of the TMO in the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility or in situ degradation compared with T50. This study showed that T50 can yield chemical composition, in vitro and in situ results that are similar to those obtained with the freeze-drying method and that this procedure is useful for forage analyses and evaluation.Keywords: freeze-drying, insoluble nitrogen, in vitro digestibility, oven-drying, ruminant

    Comparison of analyses to predict ruminal fibre degradability and indigestible fibre in temperate grass silages

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    The objective of this study was to compare the ruminal degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and indigestible NDF (INDF) between silages (n = 24) that originated from three different temperate grass species, i.e. Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea L. and hybrid, Felina – Lolium multiflorum L. × Festuca arundinacea S. The data is used to create prediction equations for the effective degradability of NDF (EDNDF), assuming ruminal solid outflow rates of 0.02 (low), 0.05 (medium) and 0.08/h (high), and INDF. The highest values for the potentially degradable fraction of NDF (b), EDNDF2, EDNDF5 and EDNDF8 (874, 560, 366 and 272 g/kg NDF, respectively) and the lowest for INDF (73.1 g/kg DM) were found for F. arundinacea. These parameters were significantly different from the hybrid Felina, which presented the lowest rate of NDF degradation (c), EDNDF5 and EDNDF8 (0.033/h, 341 and 250 g/kg NDF, respectively). The highest for c (0.038/h) and INDF (86.9 g/kg DM) and the lowest for b (847 g/kg NDF) were detected for D. glomerata. The combination of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) (R2 = 0.844) were identified by a backward, stepwise, multiple regression analysis as the most accurate to predict INDF. Crude protein, ADF and NDF were found as the most suitable combination for predicting EDNDF2 (R2 = 0.715), EDNDF5 (R2 = 0.669) and EDNDF8 (R2 = 0.648). Calculated equations found practical application in laboratory analyses to evaluate the nutritional quality of feeds for ruminants.Keywords: Grass silage, neutral detergent fibre, rumen degradation, prediction equation

    Digestibility of Ensiled Maize Hybrids Differing by Maturity and Endosperm Type

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    Selected maize hybrids were analyzed according to the in vivo digestibility of the silage. Eight tested hybrids were grown, harvested, and ensiled under identical conditions. The effect of earliness (early maturity group FAO 230–260 vs moderately early maturity group FAO 290–340) significantly (P < 0.05) affected the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre. Type of kernel endosperm (dent vs flint) differed by digestibility of nutrients. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibre was the highest for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 250 (73.7, 75.7, and 67.6%, respectively) and these digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 320 (61.1, 63.4, and 51.4%, respectively). It was concluded that the digestibility differs mainly in dent-type hybrids. All correlation coefficients between the digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) high

    Bilanz der Chemotherapie der Tuberkulose

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