N-body decomposition of bipartite networks

In this paper, we present a method to project co-authorship networks, that accounts in detail for the geometrical structure of scientists collaborations. By restricting the scope to 3-body interactions, we focus on the number of triangles in the system, and show the importance of multi-scientists (more than 2) collaborations in the social network. This motivates the introduction of generalized networks, where basic connections are not binary, but involve arbitrary number of components. We focus on the 3-body case, and study numerically the percolation transition.Comment: 5 pages, submitted to PR

Power in the Multinational Corporation in Industry Equilibrium

Recent theories of the multinational corporation introduce the property rights model of the firm and examine whether to integrate our outsource firm activities locally or to a foreign country. This paper focus instead on the internal organization of the multinational corporation by examining the power allocation between headquarters and subsidiaries. We provide a framework to analyse the interaction between the decision to serve the local market by exporting or FDI, market acces and the optimal mode of organization of the multinational corporation. We find that subsidiary managers are given most autonomy in their decision how to run the firm at intermediate levels of local competition. We then provide comparative statics for changes in fixed FDI entry costs and trade costs, information technology, the number of local competitors, and in the size of the local market

Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Selenium-Hyperdoped Silicon: Observation and Origin

Hyperdoping has emerged as a promising method for designing semiconductors with unique optical and electronic properties, although such properties currently lack a clear microscopic explanation. Combining computational and experimental evidence, we probe the origin of sub-band gap optical absorption and metallicity in Se-hyperdoped Si. We show that sub-band gap absorption arises from direct defect-to-conduction band transitions rather than free carrier absorption. Density functional theory predicts the Se-induced insulator-to-metal transition arises from merging of defect and conduction bands, at a concentration in excellent agreement with experiment. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations confirm the critical concentration, demonstrate that correlation is important to describing the transition accurately, and suggest that it is a classic impurity-driven Mott transition.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures (PRL formatted

Challenging Public Investigative Reports: How to Fight the Hearsay Exception

This paper discusses how attorneys can argue against having government and public reports admitted into evidence at trial that would be damaging to their client. When this paper was done, such reports were admitted via Federal Rule of Evidence 803(8)(C). The authors argue that it is possible to challenge admission of factual findings in public reports despite various court decisions which make this difficult

The Admission of Government Fact Findings Under Federal Rule of Evidence 803(8)(C): Limiting the Dangers of Unreliable Hearsay

Federal Rule of Evidence 803(8)(C), an exception to the rule against admission of hearsay, permits introduction of public records or reports containing the fact findings of the reporter without requiring the reporter to appear at trial. These fact findings can be based upon the reporter\u27s own observations and calculations or information imparted to the reporter from sources having no connection to any public agency whatsoever. Rule 803(8)(C) has also been used as the vehicle for presenting juries with fact findings from hearings conducted by public officials. The rule would seem to allow these fact findings even though the opponent had no opportunity to challenge either the finding or any of the witnesses whose testimony led to it. This Article contends that admitting many of the fact findings discussed above without demonstrable need or strong assurances of their reliability undercuts the bases for the hearsay rules and can result in jury consideration of highly prejudicial evidence. In Beech Aircraft Corporation v. Rainey, the Supreme Court interpreted the \u27factual findings\u27\u27 provision of 803(8)(C) broadly to include \u27conclusions\u27 and \u27opinions\u27 of the investigator. While the decision in Beech Aircraft is sensible in its recognition of the difficulty in distinguishing \u27factual findings\u27 from \u27opinions\u27 and \u27conclusions\u27, it will result in an expansion of the type of hearsay-based evidence that will be admitted under Rule 803(8)(C). Where a hearsay exception expands both the allowable sources of hearsay information and the type of hearsay-based evidence admitted, extreme care should be taken to ensure that questionably reliable or prejudicial evidence is not submitted to a jury without the opportunity to test the evidence through cross-examination. Rule 803(8)(C) was not drafted nor has it been generally applied with such caution. First, this Article explores some of the problems encountered by courts in applying Rule 803(8)(C) and explains some of the unfairness that can result if it is not applied carefully. Second, it describes the Supreme Court\u27s Beech Aircraft decision allowing opinions and conclusions into evidence under Rule 803(8)(C). Third, the Article describes a suggested reading of Rule 803(8)(C) in conjunction with the rules on expert witnesses that should help courts determine which opinions and conclusions should be admissible. Finally, the Article offers additional suggestions to insure the fair application of Rule 803(8)(C)

Challenging Public Investigative Reports: How to Fight the Hearsay Exception

This paper discusses how attorneys can argue against having government and public reports admitted into evidence at trial that would be damaging to their client. When this paper was done, such reports were admitted via Federal Rule of Evidence 803(8)(C). The authors argue that it is possible to challenge admission of factual findings in public reports despite various court decisions which make this difficult

Exchange biasing of single-domain Ni nanoparticles spontaneously grown in an antiferromagnetic MnO matrix

Exchange biased composites of ferromagnetic single-domain Ni nanoparticles embedded within large grains of MnO have been prepared by reduction of Ni$_x$Mn$_{1-x}$O$_4$ phases in flowing hydrogen. The Ni precipitates are 15-30 nm in extent, and the majority are completely encased within the MnO matrix. The manner in which the Ni nanoparticles are spontaneously formed imparts a high ferromagnetic- antiferromagnetic interface/volume ratio, which results in substantial exchange bias effects. Exchange bias fields of up to 100 Oe are observed, in cases where the starting Ni content $x$ in the precursor Ni$_x$Mn$_{1-x}$O$_4$ phase is small. For particles of approximately the same size, the exchange bias leads to significant hardening of the magnetization, with the coercive field scaling nearly linearly with the exchange bias field.Comment: 6 pages PDFLaTeX with 9 figure

CP Asymmetry in B_d --> phi K_S: Standard Model Pollution

The difference in the time dependent CP asymmetries between the modes $B --> psi K_S$ and $B --> phi K_S$ is a clean signal for physics beyond the Standard Model. This interpretation could fail if there is a large enhancement of the matrix element of the $b --> u ubar s$ operator between the $B_d$ initial state and the $phi K_S$ final state. We argue against this possibility and propose some experimental tests that could shed light on the situation.Comment: 9 pages, Revte