1,111 research outputs found
Bilinear modulation models for seasonal tables of counts
We propose generalized linear models for time or age-time tables of seasonal counts, with the goal of better understanding seasonal patterns in the data. The linear predictor contains a smooth component for the trend and the product of a smooth component (the modulation) and a periodic time series of arbitrary shape (the carrier wave). To model rates, a population offset is added. Two-dimensional trends and modulation are estimated using a tensor product B-spline basis of moderate dimension. Further smoothness is ensured using difference penalties on the rows and columns of the tensor product coefficients. The optimal penalty tuning parameters are chosen based on minimization of a quasi-information criterion. Computationally efficient estimation is achieved using array regression techniques, avoiding excessively large matrices. The model is applied to female death rate in the US due to cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases
Visualization of Genomic Changes by Segmented Smoothing Using an L0 Penalty
Copy number variations (CNV) and allelic imbalance in tumor tissue can show strong segmentation. Their graphical presentation can be enhanced by appropriate smoothing. Existing signal and scatterplot smoothers do not respect segmentation well. We present novel algorithms that use a penalty on the norm of differences of neighboring values. Visualization is our main goal, but we compare classification performance to that of VEGA
Disordered Topological Insulators via -Algebras
The theory of almost commuting matrices can be used to quantify topological
obstructions to the existence of localized Wannier functions with time-reversal
symmetry in systems with time-reversal symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling.
We present a numerical procedure that calculates a Z_2 invariant using these
techniques, and apply it to a model of HgTe. This numerical procedure allows us
to access sizes significantly larger than procedures based on studying twisted
boundary conditions. Our numerical results indicate the existence of a metallic
phase in the presence of scattering between up and down spin components, while
there is a sharp transition when the system decouples into two copies of the
quantum Hall effect. In addition to the Z_2 invariant calculation in the case
when up and down components are coupled, we also present a simple method of
evaluating the integer invariant in the quantum Hall case where they are
decoupled.Comment: Added detail regarding the mapping of almost commuting unitary
matrices to almost commuting Hermitian matrices that form an approximate
representation of the sphere. 6 pages, 6 figure
Smoothing and forecasting mortality rates Running headline: Smoothing and forecasting mortality rates
Abstract: The prediction of future mortality rates is a problem of fundamental importance for the insurance and pensions industry. We show how the method of P -spline
Selection of tuning parameters in bridge regression models via Bayesian information criterion
We consider the bridge linear regression modeling, which can produce a sparse
or non-sparse model. A crucial point in the model building process is the
selection of adjusted parameters including a regularization parameter and a
tuning parameter in bridge regression models. The choice of the adjusted
parameters can be viewed as a model selection and evaluation problem. We
propose a model selection criterion for evaluating bridge regression models in
terms of Bayesian approach. This selection criterion enables us to select the
adjusted parameters objectively. We investigate the effectiveness of our
proposed modeling strategy through some numerical examples.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
Two dimensional smoothing via an optimised Whittaker smoother
Background In many applications where moderate to large datasets are used, plotting relationships between pairs of variables can be problematic. A large number of observations will produce a scatter-plot which is difficult to investigate due to a high concentration of points on a simple graph. In this article we review the Whittaker smoother for enhancing scatter-plots and smoothing data in two dimensions. To optimise the behaviour of the smoother an algorithm is introduced, which is easy to programme and computationally efficient. Results The methods are illustrated using a simple dataset and simulations in two dimensions. Additionally, a noisy mammography is analysed. When smoothing scatterplots the Whittaker smoother is a valuable tool that produces enhanced images that are not distorted by the large number of points. The methods is also useful for sharpening patterns or removing noise in distorted images. Conclusion The Whittaker smoother can be a valuable tool in producing better visualisations of big data or filter distorted images. The suggested optimisation method is easy to programme and can be applied with low computational cost
Vertically resolved aerosol optical properties over the ARM SGP site
We will present an overview of early airborne results obtained aboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted
Aircraft Studies (CIRP AS) Twin Otter aircraft during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program aerosol
intensive observation period in May 2003
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