Massive Splenic Pseudocysts : Report of 2 cases

Splenic cysts can be classified as parasitic and nonparasitic. Non parasitic cysts can be further divided into true and pseudocysts. Pseudocysts of spleen does not contain an epithelial lining. Pseudocysts of spleen are usually post traumatic and they rarely grow to a large size and most of them are asymptomatic. It can be confused with cystic lesions of spleen or pancreas or from the surrounding structures. These cases require exploration and is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Conservative measures to preserve spleen can be considered only in presence of expertise and if remnant functional splenic parenchyma is more than 25 %. Here we present two cases of giant pseudocysts who were confused with malignancy and referred to our centre and were later found to be pseudocysts of spleen. We would like to report these cases as they are rare and as diagnostic dilemmas

Epitheloid Variant of Angiomyolipoma in a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis.

Epitheloid angiomyolipoma of kidney is a type of Perivascular endothelial cell derived tumor with an aggressive behaviour with specific pathological, immunohistochemistrical and genetic characteristics. They can occur in a pure form or in assosciation with classical angiomyolipoma. It can be assosciated with tuberous sclerosis in 50% of cases. Our case is a possible case of tuberous sclerosis with epitheloid angiomyolipoma, hepatic angiomyolipoma and lymphangioleiomyomatosis with normal MRI brain and no cutaneous features. Radical nephrectomy with biopsy of hepatic lesion was performed. Histopathological examination revealed epitheloid variant with features of angiomyolipoma. It is six months post surgery and patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence. Epitheloid angiomyolipoma is a rare malignancy with only 120 cases reported in literature

Persistence of Informal Credit in Rural Karnataka, India-Some Evidences from Primary Data

Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the rural credit markets in Karnataka region in India. The rural credit structure in India consists of two sectors-formal and informal.  This study focuses on understanding farm credit and mixed households (households with farm and non-farm workers) in the rural economy in terms of socioeconomic status, credit structure, linkage, and so on.   Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research approach and a cross-sectional research design were adopted in the study. Primary Data on 100 households collected from two villages in Karnataka India. An attempt was made to understand the difference between informal and formal credit between two villages using cross tabulation and percentage analysis.   Findings: The results shows the role of informal credit has declined, it still holds a large share in the rural economy. There is a significant difference between loans give agricultural and mixed households. The results showed that the interlinked credit transactions are less in the developed village, while such transactions are highly prevalent in the backward village   Originality/value: The study based on recent changes pertaining to credit markets in the rural Karnataka

Modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, a novel approach to type-3 acromioclavicular joint dislocation

Even though a generally accepted opinion is present about conservative management for type 1 and type 2 acromioclavicular dislocation and surgical management for type 4 to type 6 dislocations, different opinions come under play for conservative versus surgical management in cases with acute type 3 acromioclavicular joint dislocation. We came across 20 cases of type 3 AC joint dislocation with a varied age profile (range 18 to 50 years, mean 34.4±6.5 years). Patients usually complain of pain and swelling and difficulty in moving shoulder joint. The diagnosis can be confirmed by radiographs which shows widening of AC joint >2-4 mm and coracoclavicular distance >5 mm and superior displacement of distal clavicle. In our series, we have treated them with modified Weaver Dunn technique. Immobilized arm in arm pouch for 3 weeks and follow up was done to assess functional outcome. In this study we present the outcome and related complications with modified Weaver Dunn technique for type 3 acromioclavicular joint dislocation

Patterns of Diversity of the Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Region

The geographical distribution of the Rissoidae in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea was compiled and is up-to-date until July 2011. All species were classified according to their mode of larval development (planktotrophic and nonplanktotrophic), and bathymetrical zonation (shallow species—those living between the intertidal and 50 m depth, and deep species—those usually living below 50 m depth). 542 species of Rissoidae are presently reported to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to 33 genera. The Mediterranean Sea is the most diverse site, followed by Canary Islands, Caribbean, Portugal, and Cape Verde. The Mediterranean and Cape Verde Islands are the sites with higher numbers of endemic species, with predominance of Alvania spp. in the first site, and of Alvania and Schwartziella at Cape Verde. In spite of the large number of rissoids at Madeira archipelago, a large number of species are shared with Canaries, Selvagens, and the Azores, thus only about 8% are endemic to the Madeira archipelago. Most of the 542-rissoid species that live in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean are shallow species (323), 110 are considered as deep species, and 23 species are reported in both shallow and deep waters. There is a predominance of nonplanktotrophs in islands, seamounts, and at high and medium latitudes. This pattern is particularly evident in the genera Crisilla, Manzonia, Onoba, Porosalvania, Schwartziella, and Setia. Planktotrophic species are more abundant in the eastern Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea. The results of the analysis of the probable directions of faunal flows support the patterns found by both the Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity and the geographical distribution. Four main source areas for rissoids emerge: Mediterranean, Caribbean, Canaries/Madeira archipelagos, and the Cape Verde archipelago. We must stress the high percentage of endemics that occurs in the isolated islands of Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha, Cape Verde archipelago and also the Azores, thus reinforcing the legislative protective actions that the local governments have implemented in these islands during the recent years

Crushing and Grinding Practice at Ingaldhal Copper mines

Ingaldhal copper mines are situated in the Bangalore -- Bombay National Highway about 10 Kms from Chitradurga town (Karnataka State). The main mineral is chalcopyrite ( Cu FeS2 ) occuring as a vein deposit in chlorite schist, the thicknes of the veins varying from 60 cms to 18 cms. The estimated reserves of developed and blocked out ore is 0.2 million tonnes of grade 1.23% Cu. Probable reserves are one million tonnes at 1.0% copper.The ore from the under ground mines is hoisted up and stored in the surface ore bins. It is transported by trucks to the hopper of the crushing unit

HIGH FREQUENCY BOOST CONVERTER EMPLOYING SOFT SWITCHING AUXILIARY RESONANT CIRCUIT

A new soft-switching boost converter is proposed in this paper. The conventional boost converter generates switching losses at turn ON and OFF, and this causes a reduction in the whole system’s efficiency. The proposed boost converter utilizes a soft switching method using an auxiliary circuit with a resonant inductor and capacitor, auxiliary switch, and diodes. Therefore, the proposed soft-switching boost converter reduces switching losses more than the conventional hard-switching converter. The efficiency, which is about 91% in hard switching, increases to about 97% in the proposed soft-switching converter. In this paper, the performance of the proposed soft-switching boost converter is verified through the theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental results

A ROBUST PRIMITIVE FOR AVOIDING DATA ATTACKS USING CRYPTOGRAPHY

Within our plan, a session secret is only accessible towards the interacting parties (user and server), which is unknown either to the registration center varieties. Within this paper, we first evaluate He-Wang’s plan and reveal that their plan is susceptible to a known session specific temporary information attack and impersonation attack. Additionally, we reveal that their plan doesn't provide strong user’s anonymity. In addition, He-Wang’s plan cannot supply the user revocation facility once the wise card sheds or taken or user’s authentication parameter is revealed. While using Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic, we reveal that our plan provides secure authentication. Additionally, we simulate our plan for that formal security verification while using broadly recognized and used automated validation of Internet security software methods and programs tool, and reveal that our plan is safe against passive and active attacks. Our plan provides high security together with low communication cost, computational cost, and number of security measures. Aside from these, He-Wang’s plan has some design flaws, for example wrong password login and it is effects and wrong password update during password change phase. Then we propose a brand new secure multi-server authentication protocol using biometric-based wise card and ECC with increased security benefits. Consequently, our plan is extremely appropriate for battery-limited mobile products as in comparison with He-Wang’s plan

Stability indicating Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of artemether and lumefantrine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form

Ultra performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Artemether (AMT) and Lumefantrine (LFT) in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through X-bridge C18 100 x 2.1 mm, 3.5m. Mobile phase containing Buffer 0.01N KH2PO4 (3.5pH): Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 55:45 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 0.3ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.01N KH2PO4. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 215nm. Retention time of AMT and LFT were found to be 0.787 min and 1.572min. %RSD of the AMT and LFT were and found to be 0.7 and 0.6 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.49% and 100.22% for AMT and LFT respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of AMT and LFT were 0.03, 0.08 and 0.095, 0.288 respectively. Regression equation of AMT is y = 19308x + 1509 and y = 36919x + 11566 of LFT. The developed method was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries. Keywords: Artemether (AMT), Lumefantrine (LFT), Acetonitrile, UPLC

A prospective, parallel group, open label, observational study to compare efficacy and feto-maternal outcomes in treatment of pregnancy induced hypertensive patients

Background: Pregnancy induced  hypertension (PIH) is defined as  elevation in blood pressure 140/90 mmHg or greater after 20 weeks of gestation  on two occasions more than 4 hours apart in a newly diagnosed patients. Complications of pregnancy are the major health problems leading to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Some anti-hypertensive drugs are commonly used to control hypertension.Methods: A prospective, parallel group, open label observation study was carried out at SVS Medical Hospital, Mahabubnagar. Patients were divided into three groups based on severity of hypertension and the drug used for treatment.Results: Of 120 patients diagnosed with PIH majority (50%) of women were in the age group of 21-24 years with 33-37 gestational age. In the present study there was a significant reduction in BP after the treatment with Labetalol when compare to Nifedepine and Methyldopa. Although, all the three groups have shown significant reduction in BP during 24 hrs treatments and the mean time to achieve target BP was shown less in Labetalol group when compare to Methyldopa and Nifedepine and the maximum doses required to achieve target BP was in between 4-6 doses/day. 40% of complication observed was HELLP syndrome.Conclusions: Our study coincides with the previous findings that labetolol is an efficacious and safer drug for use in control of PIH and mean time required to achieve target BP is low when compared to nifedipne and methyldopa.