70 research outputs found
Knowledge Extraction and Prediction from Behavior Science Randomized Controlled Trials: A Case Study in Smoking Cessation
Due to the fast pace at which randomized controlled trials are published in the health domain, researchers, consultants and policymakers would benefit from more automatic ways to process them by both extracting relevant information and automating the meta-analysis processes. In this paper, we present a novel methodology based on natural language processing and reasoning models to 1) extract relevant information from RCTs and 2) predict potential outcome values on novel scenarios, given the extracted knowledge, in the domain of behavior change for smoking cessation
HBCP Corpus: A New Resource for the Analysis of Behaviour Change Intervention Reports
Due to the fast pace at which research reports in behaviour change are published, researchers, consultants and policymakers would benefit from more automatic ways to process these reports. Automatic extraction of the reportsâ intervention content, population, settings and their results etc. are essential in synthesising and summarising the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, no unique resource exists at the moment to facilitate this synthesis. In this paper, we describe the construction of a corpus of published behaviour change intervention evaluation reports aimed at smoking cessation. We also describe and release the annotation of 57 entities, that can be used as an off-the-shelf data resource for tasks such as entity recognition, etc. Both the corpus and the annotation dataset are being made available to the community.Wellcome Trust collaborative awar
Populism, inequality and representation: Negotiating âthe 99%â with Occupy London
When Occupy London emerged with a global wave of protest movements in October 2011, it embodied and advanced discursive forms that have characterised the unsettling of political consensus following the financial crisis. The central claim that âWe are the 99%â staged a fundamental tension, between a populist appeal to the figure of âthe peopleâ, and a contrary orientation seeking to critique inequality while rejecting forms of representation and identity. This article â which draws on three years of ethnographic fieldwork with Occupy London (October 2011âOctober 2014) and a critical theorisation of the figure of âthe peopleâ in radical movements â follows movement participantsâ negotiation of the tension at the heart of the discourse of âthe 99%â. It offers an account of the conflicting meanings and practices that emerged, arguing that the result was a creative contradiction that sustained the movement for a time, while setting the terms of its ultimate breakdown. Identifying the concept of ârepresentationâ as the site of particular controversy, this is unpicked through a number of key figures (Pitkin, Marx, Spivak, Puchner, Deleuze and Guattari) as the basis for an empirical account of Occupyâs practice of assembly, which offered partial, imperfect âsolutionsâ to these tensions. The article concludes with some implications for the limits and possibilities of both a grassroots populism and a politics against representation, in the context of political developments since
Extracellular and Luminal pH Regulation by Vacuolar Hâș-ATPase Isoform Expression and Targeting to the Plasma Membrane and Endosomes
Plasma membrane vacuolar H+ -ATPase (pm-V-ATPase) activity of tumor cells is a major factor in control of cytoplasmic and extracellular pH and metastatic potential, but the isoforms involved and the factors governing plasma membrane recruitment remain uncertain. Here, we examined expression, distribution and activity of V- ATPase isoforms in invasive prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells. Isoforms 1 and 3 were the most highly expressed forms of membrane subunit a, with a1 and a3 the dominant plasma membrane isoforms. Correlation between pm-V-ATPase activity and invasiveness was limited, but RNAi knockdown of either a isoform did slow cell proliferation and inhibit invasion in vitro. Isoform a1 was recruited to the cell surface from the early endosome/recycling complex pathway, its knockdown arresting transferrin receptor (TfR) recycling. Isoform a3 was associated with the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Both a isoforms associated with accessory protein Ac45, knockdown of which stalled transit of a1 and Tf-TfR, decreased proton efflux and reduced cell growth and invasiveness, this latter effect at least partly due to decreased delivery of the membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase MMP-14 to the plasma membrane. These data indicate that in prostatic carcinoma cells, a1 and a3 isoform populations predominate in different compartments where they maintain different luminal pH. Ac45 plays a central role in navigating the V-ATPase to the plasma membrane, and hence is an important factor in expression of the invasive phenotype
The collective representations of the heredity
L'A. envisage les
représentations relatives à la transmission biologique (mode de transmission associé à la
procréation et à la consanguinité) et les conceptions relatives à d'autres types de
transfert de caractÚres. L'étude menée sur 3 terrains (communauté alpine, région à forte
tradition d'élevage et milieu urbain) montre que l'hérédité du point de vue du sens commun
se définit par rapport à un ensemble d'autres notions ambiguës, que les représentations de
l'hérédité se fondent sur une image commune du sang perçu comme étant le véhicule de
transmission biologique et que les représentations de l'hérédité excluent toute notion de
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