Effectiveness Efficiency and biochemical content of Physical and Chemical Mutagens in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

In a mutation breeding experiment, in the CO-1 variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) the efficiency and effectiveness of physical and chemical mutagens viz., gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), diethyl sulphate (DES) and Colchicine (COH) were examined. Gamma rays were found to be more effective than other mutagens in producing chlorophyll and viable mutants. The efficiency was observed based on lethality and injury. Gamma rays were found to be more effective than other treatments. The chlorophyll mutants viz., Albino, Viriscence and Xantha and viable mutants viz., plant type, days to maturity, early flowering, seed color, seed shape, pod shape & male sterility etc. were recorded with various frequencies.  The protein and oil content was recorded maximum at 50 KR of gamma rays.  ÂÂ

Density functional theoretical studies on 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA)

135-142MCPA is a post-emergence herbicide for control of wild oats and annual grassy weeds found among several economically important crops. In the present work, the Eigen values and Eigen functions of the MCPA have been calculated using two basis sets of DFT. The Global DFT descriptors for the compound have also been calculated. The Fukui functions, local softness, and atomic charges for each center of MCPA have also been calculated It has been found that all the reactivity centers of MCPA are not equal in chemical reactivity. The differences in chemical reactivity of different sites have been investigated in detail in this work

Effect of Gamma Rays, EMS, DES and COH on Protein and Oil Content in Soybean

AbstractThe present study is based on the observations of seed protein and oil content in four mutagenic generations of soybean variety CO 1. Ethyl methane sulphonate treatment showed high protein and oil content compared to other mutagenic treatments such as gamma rays, diethyl sulphate and colchicine.  Both increased and decreased content of protein and oil were observed.  According to our results   high content of protein and oil was observed at high mutagenic treatments. Increased level of seed protein and oil content was observed at 0.5% and 0.6% of EMS treatments and 50 KR of gamma rays. Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India---Please Cite This Article As: P. Pavadai, M. Girija and D. Dhanavel. 2010. Effect of Gamma Rays, EMS, DES and COH on Protein and Oil Content in Soybean. J. Exp. Sci. 2(4):47-50.Â

ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITY OF MESO-ZEAXANTHINE AND ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION

Objective: To evaluate the antitumour activity of meso-zeaxanthin and enumerate the mechanism of action.Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity was determined using transformed cells such as Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumour cells, Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, L929 cells as well as using normal cells. Tumour reduction was determined by ascites tumour formation and solid tumour reduction. Mechanism of tumour reduction was determined by inhibition of apoptosis as seen by morphology, DNA ladder fraction and induction of P53 and caspase gene and inhibition of BCl2 gene.Results: Carotenoid meso-zeaxanthin was found to be toxic to Dalton's Lymphoma ascites cells, Ehrlich ascites tumour cells and L929 cells (IC50, 46, 51 and 37 μg/ml respectively) and was not cytotoxic to normal cells. Meso-zeaxanthin increased the lifespan of animals bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour (69.9%) and decreased the solid tumour induced by Dalton's Lymphoma ascites tumour. Meso-zeaxanthin was found to induce apoptosis to DLA cells as seen from DNA Lymphoma ascites tumour. Meso-zeaxanthin was found to induce apoptosis to DLA cells as seen from DNA fragmentation, and DNA laddering and up regulation of P [53] and caspase 3 and 9 down regulation of BCl2 gene expression.Conclusion: Meso-zeaxanthin which is non-toxic was found to reduce animal tumours.Keywords: Meso-zeaxanthin, Antitumour activity, Apoptosis, P[53] gene-BCl2geneÂ

Effect of Gamma Rays on some Yield Parameters and Protein Content of Soybean in M2, M3 and M4 Generation

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness and efficiency, yield parameters and statistical analysis for M2, M3 and M4 generation of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using gamma rays treatment. Effectiveness and efficiency was recorded at increase for low concentration and decrease for high concentration level. The most of the treatment was positive shift was recorded. The statistical analysis such as variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded in high for treatment than the untreated plants for all the generation. 50KR of gamma rays treatment was effective than the other mutagenic treatments compared to control.   Key words: Soybean, Mutation, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Frequency ---Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India---Please Cite This Article As:P. Pavadai, M. Girija and D. Dhanavel. 2010. Effect of Gamma Rays on some Yield Parameters and Protein Content of Soybean in M2, M3 and M4 Generation. J. Exp. Sci. 1(6):08-11. Â

Utilization pattern of antenatal health care services among married women of reproductive age group in the rural area of Surendranagar district, Gujarat, India: a community based cross sectional study

Background: Maternal mortality continues to be a major public health problem. Inspite of the existence of national programmes for improving maternal and child health in India, maternal mortality and morbidity continue to be high. High quality antenatal care is the most important way to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality. Utilization of Ante natal care (ANC) services is poor in the rural areas, causing significant impact on the health of the mother and ultimately leads to increased maternal morbidity and mortality.Methods: It was a Community based Cross-sectional study. The study was carried out through oral questionnaire method using pre-designed and pretested performa. All the information was collected, compiled and analysed by applying suitable tests. The data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft word and Excel have been used to generate graphs, tables etc.Results: A total of 403 women were included in the study. Pregnancy registration was done by 88.77% of the women at either government facility or private doctor. Out of total registered women, majority i.e. 54.25% had registered their pregnancy during 2nd trimester. In response to frequency of antenatal visits, study showed that, 59.18% (216) women had availed three or more than three antenatal visits. It was found that 81.92% (299) had taken complete (2 doses) tetanus immunization. About 47% of women had completed full course of iron and folic acid tablets. It was observed that only 46.03% women had availed complete ANC package.Conclusions: Although Antenatal services in India have been created, strengthened and expanded over the years, their output in terms of utilization particularly in rural area is still limited. The present study has brought out many significant socio cultural barriers like caste, women’s literacy, husband’s literacy, occupation of women, socio-economic class and parity of women affecting the utilization of services

Molecular docking studies of curcumin derivatives with multiple protein targets for procarcinogen activating enzyme inhibition

Curcumin derivatives which are very potent antioxidant, free radical scavenger and known inhibitor of dioxygenases have been extensively studied to explore their potential utilization in chemoprevention. The main objective of the present work is to perform a docking analysis of curcumin derivatives: Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), Bisdemethoxy curcumin (BDC). Docking studies of these were performed using GOLD and AutoDock into a few well validated targets of anticancer therapy (COX-2, PhenolsulphoTransferases, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), P450 and TNF-alpha). A good correlation was observed in binding affinity of THC and BDC against the targets indicating these derivatives are potent procarcinogen activating enzyme inhibitors. © 2010 Girija CR, et al

A study to evaluate the effects of nutritional intervention measures on children admitted in the nutritional rehabilitation center (Bal Sanjeevani Kendra) of Surendranagar district

Background:The life cycle dynamics of the causes and consequences of malnutrition demand a holistic and all inclusive approach to prevent and treat under-nutrition and nutritional deficiencies. In response, Government of Gujarat launched “Mission Balam Sukham” in the year 2012 which focuses on both preventive and curative aspects. Curative aspect consist of three tier approach for integrated management of malnutrition at three different levels. Nutritional rehabilitation Center is a unit in a district health facility where children with severe acute malnutrition are admitted and provided with the nutritional & therapeutic care.Methods: Analysis of data of all the children admitted to Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre of Surendranagar district from June-2012 to November 2013. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS.Results: A total of 280 children were included in the study. The overall mean weight at admission was found 8.30 kg with standard deviation of 2.09 kg and the mean weight at the time of discharge was 8.97 kg with standard deviation of 2.16 kg. Average weight gain among 141 boys was 6.63 g/kg/day and among girls was found 7.60 g/kg/day. Out of total 280 children, 103 (36.79%) children had weight gain as per the standard criteria (8 gm/kg/day). Diarrhoea was found to be the associated medical condition in majority of the children. Out of total 184 children without medical complications, 97 (52.72%) children had weight gain as per the standard criteria.Conclusions: Present study reflected that Nutritional Rehabilitation Centers have been playing a key role to cope with malnutrition as demonstrated by high weight gain rate as well as high recovery rate.

Microbial insight into rhizosphere of arecanut palms of Wayanad using metagenomics

The rhizosphere bacterial diversity of a plant is considered to play an essential role in mediating plant as well as soil health. An attempt to explore the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of arecanut palms in Wayanad was done to obtain an understanding of dominant bacterial phylotypes and the status of nutrient concentrations in rhizosphere soil and plants. Since arecanut production in Wayanad is facing a decline, a study to understand the rhizosphere conditions of healthy palms essentially provided insight into what strategies needed to be adopted for improvement of arecanut cultivation. The nutrient imbalance involving increased iron in soil and deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and boron in the Arecanut rhizosphere was found to be an evident reason for the decline in production. Apart from that, the biological activities in the rhizosphere by the diversity of microorganisms were studied to understand the dominant bacterial phyla and genera present in the Arecanut rhizosphere. The presence of various important bacterial phyla like Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes revealed the presence of various beneficial soil microorganisms and emphasized the need to enhance or augment the population of native microflora for efficient nutrient cycling by increasing the organic content of the soil. Since organic carbon is an essential requirement to support bacterial diversity, proper management practice that encompasses organic carbon amendment along with proper nutritional management could enhance bacterial diversity as well as health of the arecanut palms. The study indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla contained various beneficial microorganisms that can be exploited for improving nutrient recycling in the arecanut rhizosphere

Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Cervix : Case report with review of the literature

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy that arises from embryonal rhabdomyoblasts. It is commonly seen in the genital tract of female infants and young children. Due to the young age of affected patients, this malignancy poses a management challenge as the preservation of hormonal, sexual and reproductive function is essential. There is currently no consensus regarding management. However, treatment strategies for these tumours have evolved from radical exenterative surgeries to more conservative management options. We report a case of botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma in an adolescent girl presenting to Kasturba Hospital, in Manipal, India, in August 2007 with botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix. She was treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient remained healthy until eight months after the surgery. After acquiring a varicella zoster virus infection, she died due to septic shock and multiple organ failure. Awareness of such an uncommon lesion and its clinical implications is important to avoid misdiagnosis