Disentanglement, disorder lines, and Majorana edge states in a solvable quantum chain

We study the exactly solvable 1D model: the dimerized $XY$ chain with uniform and staggered transverse fields, equivalent upon fermionization to the noninteracting dimerized Kitaev-Majorana chain with modulation. The model has three known gapped phases with local and nonlocal (string) orders, along with the gapless incommensurate (IC) phase in the $U(1)$ limit. The criticality is controlled by the properties of zeros of model's partition function, analytically continued onto the complex wave numbers. In the ground state they become complex zeros of the spectrum of the Hamiltonian. The analysis of those roots yields the phase diagram which contains continuous quantum phase transitions and weaker singularities known as disorder lines (DLs) or modulation transitions. The latter, reported for the first time in this model, are shown to occur in two types: DLs of the first kind with continuous appearance of the IC oscillations, and DLs of the second kind corresponding to a jump of the wave number of oscillations. The salient property of zeros of the spectrum is that the ground state is shown to be separable (factorized) and the model is disentangled on a subset of the DLs. From analysis of those zeros we also find the Majorana edge states and their wave functions.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures; V.2 - minor corrections, version to be publishe

Is malaria the cause for decline in the wild population of the Indian White-backed vulture (Gyps bengalensis)?

The populations of three species of Gyps vultures have shown a decline of more than 95% between 1988 and 1999 in the Indian subcontinent and are now classified as 'critically endangered'. The indiscriminate and widespread veterinary use of diclofenac has been implicated for the decline of the White-backed vulture (Gyps bengalensis) in Pakistan, India and Nepal. Similar trends in population decline as seen in the northern regions have also been recorded in Central and South India, but the cause for the decline was not investigated. Here we report a study carried out in a densely forested and sparsely populated region in Central India. An intracellular malarial parasite was identified from the tissues of both live and dead Whitebacked vultures. Further, amplification and sequence analysis of the consensus sequence of the mitochondrial small and large sub-unit rRNA genes indicated a 95-96% similarity with the mitochondrial sequence of Plasmodium falciparum (DQ642845) and other Plasmodium species. In addition, amplification and sequencing of a 502 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cyt b gene identified the haemoprotozoan with Plasmodium sp. AP70, an avian malarial parasite. During the course of this study we also rescued two terminally ill vultures with symptoms of malaria, and treatment with anti-malarials led to their recovery. None of the affected vultures had diclofenac residues, thus implying that malaria could be an additional cause for the decline for the White-backed vulture population

Performance evaluation of a 2 MW wind power project

This work is the analysis of the energy generation of a 2 MW wind power project installed at Motha, District Amaravati, in the state of Maharashtra. The various availabilities of the wind power project were studied for the efficient energy production of the project. It was observed that 92.72 percent of the system was available for energy generation throughout the year. The energy generation data with the various shutdowns of the system was studied. The energy generation of the system was studied in terms of the plant load factor or the capacity factor. Capacity factor was observed to be 21.16 percent with the total energy generation unit being 3.73 MWh

Performance evaluation of a 2 MW wind power project

This work is the analysis of the energy generation of a 2 MW wind power project installed at Motha, District Amaravati, in the state of Maharashtra. The various availabilities of the wind power project were studied for the efficient energy production of the project. It was observed that 92.72 percent of the system was available for energy generation throughout the year. The energy generation data with the various shutdowns of the system was studied. The energy generation of the system was studied in terms of the plant load factor or the capacity factor. Capacity factor was observed to be 21.16 percent with the total energy generation unit being 3.73 MWh

Proteinase inhibitors of pigeonpea cv. BSMR 736: Characterization and bioefficacy against Helicoverpa armigera

Pigeonpea is an agriculturally important leguminous crop with high vulnerability to insect pest attack specifically, Helicoverpa armigera. The proteinase inhibitors (PIs) mediated host plant resistance against insect pests is a promising sustainable agricultural research practice. The current study was carried out to perceive biochemical characterization of proteinase inhibitors named PPTI in the pigeonpea (cv. BSMR 736). The purification of PPTI from crude protein seed extract was achieved by acetone precipitation, N-LP-IEF, and trypsin affinity chromatography. It was found to inhibit bovine trypsin and HaGPs in vitro. The optimal conditions for inhibition were pH 8 and temperature 40ºC. The PPTI showed four isoinhibitors bands on native, non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE in the range of 26.7–19.3 KDa. Upon resolution on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), PPTI produced nine pI variant spots having isoelectric point (pI) 6.6, 6.6, 6.3, 6.1, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7, 5.6 and 5.6. An artificial diet containing PPTI reduced the H. armigera larval weight about 69%, with 25% mortality. For eco-friendly sustainable agricultural practices, natural compounds like PPTI could be expressed in transgenic crops to prevent the invasion of H. armigera in pigeonpea

Design and development of a 20 kW cleaning and cooling system for a wood-chip gasifier

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to develop a filter system for a 20 kW engine application and to test the filter. It was observed that tar content in the gas ranged from 12.4 to 85 mg/m3 , which was considered on the higher side, in some cases, compared from an accepted limit of 50 mg/m3 . The 20 kW cleaning and cooling system for cleaning of producer gas was developed by calculating the gas flow and maximum retention time in the filter. The diameter of these three filters, viz., water scrubber, wet filter and dry filter was calculated from retention time and velocity in the filter, which was found to be 0.20, 0.40 and 0.50 m respectively, with filter height of 0.80 m. The developed filter was evaluated for reduction of tar in the producer gas after cleaning. The tar content in the producer gas after filtration by using the system varies from 24 to 53.52 mg/m3 . The tar absorption using this filter system was 99.35%, while the pressure drop varied between 10 to 25 mm of the water column. The system was also operated by coupling with a small capacity IC engine. The diesel replacement was found to be in the range of 65.66 %

Design and development of a 20 kW cleaning and cooling system for a wood-chip gasifier

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to develop a filter system for a 20 kW engine application and to test the filter. It was observed that tar content in the gas ranged from 12.4 to 85 mg/m3 , which was considered on the higher side, in some cases, compared from an accepted limit of 50 mg/m3 . The 20 kW cleaning and cooling system for cleaning of producer gas was developed by calculating the gas flow and maximum retention time in the filter. The diameter of these three filters, viz., water scrubber, wet filter and dry filter was calculated from retention time and velocity in the filter, which was found to be 0.20, 0.40 and 0.50 m respectively, with filter height of 0.80 m. The developed filter was evaluated for reduction of tar in the producer gas after cleaning. The tar content in the producer gas after filtration by using the system varies from 24 to 53.52 mg/m3 . The tar absorption using this filter system was 99.35%, while the pressure drop varied between 10 to 25 mm of the water column. The system was also operated by coupling with a small capacity IC engine. The diesel replacement was found to be in the range of 65.66 %

Estimation of Discharging Capacity and Assessing the Performance of Overflow Spillway With Full and Partial Operation of Gates Using Numerical Modelling

The spillway is among the most important structures of a dam project. The operation of spillway gates during the flood and fulfilling the downstream requirement is one of the main problems in reservoir management. Generally, the equal opening of all the gates during spillway operation is mostly preferred for maintaining an equal distribution of discharge in the energy dissipator and at the downstream side. A systematic study is required to determine the ability of the spillway to pass the discharge at various reservoir water levels through a specific opening of gates and assess the performance for the safety of the structure. The design of each project is unique and site-specific. A physical model is an indispensable tool to optimise the hydraulically efficient and economical design of spillways. However, the evaluation of spillway performance especially for the partial operation of gates is a time-consuming task on the physical model. Nowadays, the computational fluid dynamics technique is becoming popular in modelling spillway flows. This paper discusses the studies carried out for overflow spillway for gated and ungated operations. The Computational fluid dynamics software FLOW-3D was used for numerical simulation. The numerical model was validated by comparing the results with the physical model for ungated operations. The results in terms of design discharge passed over the spillway and corresponding pressures over the spillway surface computed using a numerical model were found closer to the results obtained from the physical model. Numerical model studies were extended further for the gated operation. Large data was generated which was used to create discharging capacity plots and evaluate the performance of the spillway for operating the spillway with different openings of gates at various reservoir water levels

Design of Fault Detection Module for Embedded Ram Memory

Abstract- Embedded RAMs are those whose address, data, and read/write controls cannot be directly controlled or observed through the chip’s 1/0 pins. Testing these memories, which are incorporated on a large percentage of VLSI devices are harder just because of the lack of controllability of its inputs and observe ability of its outputs. Testing such RAMs is the main objective of this paper. It is challenging to test embedded RAMs, and hence we will discuss techniques- design for testability (DFT) and built-in self test (BIST), which help in improving the testability of these RAMs. Keywords- Built-In Self Test (BIST), embedded memory fault, Modified March algorithm, Microcode, Transition fault, neighbourhood pattern sensitive faults(NPSF)