Correction for Johansson et al., An open challenge to advance probabilistic forecasting for dengue epidemics.

Correction for “An open challenge to advance probabilistic forecasting for dengue epidemics,” by Michael A. Johansson, Karyn M. Apfeldorf, Scott Dobson, Jason Devita, Anna L. Buczak, Benjamin Baugher, Linda J. Moniz, Thomas Bagley, Steven M. Babin, Erhan Guven, Teresa K. Yamana, Jeffrey Shaman, Terry Moschou, Nick Lothian, Aaron Lane, Grant Osborne, Gao Jiang, Logan C. Brooks, David C. Farrow, Sangwon Hyun, Ryan J. Tibshirani, Roni Rosenfeld, Justin Lessler, Nicholas G. Reich, Derek A. T. Cummings, Stephen A. Lauer, Sean M. Moore, Hannah E. Clapham, Rachel Lowe, Trevor C. Bailey, Markel García-Díez, Marilia Sá Carvalho, Xavier Rodó, Tridip Sardar, Richard Paul, Evan L. Ray, Krzysztof Sakrejda, Alexandria C. Brown, Xi Meng, Osonde Osoba, Raffaele Vardavas, David Manheim, Melinda Moore, Dhananjai M. Rao, Travis C. Porco, Sarah Ackley, Fengchen Liu, Lee Worden, Matteo Convertino, Yang Liu, Abraham Reddy, Eloy Ortiz, Jorge Rivero, Humberto Brito, Alicia Juarrero, Leah R. Johnson, Robert B. Gramacy, Jeremy M. Cohen, Erin A. Mordecai, Courtney C. Murdock, Jason R. Rohr, Sadie J. Ryan, Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra, Daniel P. Weikel, Antarpreet Jutla, Rakibul Khan, Marissa Poultney, Rita R. Colwell, Brenda Rivera-García, Christopher M. Barker, Jesse E. Bell, Matthew Biggerstaff, David Swerdlow, Luis Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Brett M. Forshey, Juli Trtanj, Jason Asher, Matt Clay, Harold S. Margolis, Andrew M. Hebbeler, Dylan George, and Jean-Paul Chretien, which was first published November 11, 2019; 10.1073/pnas.1909865116. The authors note that the affiliation for Xavier Rodó should instead appear as Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) and Climate and Health Program, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). The corrected author and affiliation lines appear below. The online version has been corrected

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

An x-ray investigation of growth and deformation faults in a vapour grown 2h SiC crystal

Single crystals of 2H SiC grown by hydrogen reduction of methyltrichlorosilane at 1400°C frequently contain a high concentration of random stacking faults in their hexagonal closepacked | AB | AB | … structure. This given rise to diffuse streaks along reciprocal lattice rows parallel to the c axis for h - k ≠ 0 mod 3. To investigate the nature of stacking faults in these crystals, the intensity distribution along the 10. l reciprocal lattice row of a 2H SiC crystal was recorded on a 4-circle computer-controlled single crystal diffractometer. The halfwidths of 10. l reflections with l even and l odd were found to be 0.36 and 0.24 reciprocal units respectively. It is observed (i) that the 10. l reflections with l even are highly broadened and (ii) that the halfwidths of l even and l odd reflections are in the ratio of 3 : 2. This suggests that the stacking faults present are predominantly growth and deformation faults. Since the fault concentration is very high, exact theoretical expressions for the halfwidths of 10. l reflections were used to calculate the growth and deformation fault probabilities (α and β) from the observed half widths, without neglecting the second and higher order terms in α and β. It is found that α = 0.11 and β = 0.20. The deformation fault probability (β) is surprisingly high for hard and brittle material like SiC which does not undergo plastic deformation easily. It is suggested that several deformation fault configurations have resulted from a clustering of growth faults

Irreversibility of the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition in (Pb<SUB>0.90</SUB>Ba<SUB>0.10</SUB>)ZrO<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics

Dielectric and x-ray diffraction evidences are presented to show that the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition in (Pb0.90Ba0.10)ZrO3 ceramics is not reversible during the cooling cycle. It is shown that the stable antiferroelectric phase recovers from the metastable ferroelectric matrix on aging at room temperature. The kinetics of recovery of the antiferroelectric phase is very sluggish. It is pointed out that this type of irreversibility occurs in field induced antiferroelectric to ferroelectric transitions also. This may have serious implications for the actuator applications of these materials. It is proposed that the large transformation strains associated with the antiferroelectric orthorhombic to ferroelectric rhombohedral phase transition is responsible for this irreversibility

Application of the faulted matrix model to the growth of polytype structures in mica

Following Baronnet's theoretical deduction of the possible polytype structures in mica that can result from spiral growth round single screw dislocations of different Burgers vectors created in a perfect matrix, this paper reports a systematic deduction of mica polytypes on the basis of the faulted matrix model, proposed earlier by Pandey and Krishna to explain the growth of polytype structures observed in SiC, CdI2 and PbI2. All possible intrinsic and extrinsic fault configurations are worked out that can occur in the basic structures of mica, namely 1M [0], 2M1 [2 ] and 3T [222]. The most probable fault configurations for each basic structure are predicted by estimating the relative stacking fault energies (SFE) of all possible fault configurations. Polytype structures that can result by spiral growth round screw dislocations of different Burgers vectors originating in faulted basic structures of mica are deduced by considering the most probable fault configuration to lie at different distances from the surface at the time of the origin of the screw dislocation step. Of the various structures resulting from screw dislocations of the same Burgers vector, the structure having the lowest SFE would be more probable. The most probable series of structures so predicted are found to be in excellent agreement with those observed